126 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 



alle Erkenntnisse der Wissenschaft, alle Auschauungen der Kunst, alle 

 Formen raenschlichen Fleisses, alle Erflartungen zur Hebung meuschlichen 

 Da?eins, welcbe das Menschengeschlecht im Laufe seines Lebens erzeugt 

 hat, und erzeugen wird, bilden dieses Reich, dessen Element der selbstbe- 

 wusste freie Geist ist." — " AUgemeine Ethik," by H. Steinthal. 



" What will remain, alter such an examination of the Self of common 

 sense, will be the really deep and important persuasion that he ought to 

 possess or to create for himself, despite this chaos, some one principle, some 

 finally significant contrast, whereby he should be able, with an united and 

 permanent meaning, to identify that portion of the world's life which is to 

 be, in the larger sense, hi^ own, anil whereby he should become able to con- 

 trast with this, his larger Self, all the rest of the world of life." — "The 

 World and the Individual," by Josiah Royce. 



" The good life as a whole is a system of conscious acts, where each 

 function has its limits prescribed to it by the demands of all other functions, 

 so that no faculty shall perform its functions to the detriment of another." — 

 " Moral Order and Progress," by S. Alexander. 



" The end of Ethics is not the greatest happiness of the greatest number. 

 Your happiness is of no use to the community, except in so far as it tends 

 to make you a more efficient citizen — that is to say, happiness is not to be 

 desired for its own sake, but for the sake of something else. If any end is 

 pointed to, it is the end of increased efficiency In each man's special work, 

 as well as in the social functions which are common to all. A man must 

 strive to be a better citizen, a better workman, a better son, husband or 

 father." — '' Lectures and Essays," by William Kingdon Clifford. 



"Der Wert liegt nun nicht mehr in der Lust als solcher, sondern in den 

 Funktionen, an welche sie gekulipft ist." — "System der Ethik," by 

 Friedrich Paulsen. 



" Whatever one may do, unless one introduces into the philosophy of 

 pleasure a foreign and superior element, one can never find a rule which will 

 explain why certain pleasures should be preferred to others." — Theory 

 of Morals," by Paul Janet. 



" — The broad rule of duty, the pursuit of perfection conditioned by the 

 general laws of the universe, of which human reason is the highest ex- 

 ponent." — "Natural Law," by Edith Simcox. 



"As the social instincts both of man and the lower animals have no 

 doubt been developed by nearly the same steps, it would be advisable, if 

 found practicable, to use the same definition in both cases, and to take as 

 the standard of morality, the general good or welfare of the community, 

 rather than the general happiness." — " The Descent of Man," by Charles 

 Darwin. 



