OP ARTS AND SCIENCES. 147 



the calyx ; the claw broadly auricled ; the blade bifid, very short in- 

 deed, scarcely surpassing the four small appeudages : capsule ovate- 

 oblong, moderately stiped. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 344. — On the 

 Clear Water, Central Idaho, Spalding ; on the Lumnaha, Union Co., 

 Oregon, Cusick. September. 



6. LYCHNIS, Touru. Cockle. (Name ancient, from \i<xyo<s, 

 a lamp, in reference to the bright color of certain European species.) — 

 Herbs, chiefly of Europe and Asia, much resembling various species 

 of Silene, and sometimes distinguished only by the number of the 

 carpels. — The latter being in a few cases variable, the separation of 

 the two genera is rather arbitrary. The indigenous species are West- 

 ern or Arctic (L. alpina extends eastward and southward to Lower 

 Canada), but several introduced European species have become more 

 or less common in the Atlantic and Middle States, and in Canada. — 

 Inst. i. 333, t. 175; DC. Prodr. i. 385; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 194; 

 Endl. Gen. 972-974; A. Braun, Flora, 1843, 369 ; Reichb. Icon. Fl. 

 Germ. vi. t. 303-308 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 147 ; Wats. Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xii. 246 ; Baill. Hist, des PI. ix. 108 : Pax in Engl. & Prantl, 

 Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 1 b. 72. 



§ 1. Teeth of the usually more or less inflated calyx not twisted: 

 ovary unicellular at the base : capsule with its five valves normally 

 bifid, but sometimes indistinctly so or entire. (Melandritjm, Rohl , 

 Deutschl. Fl. 254, and Eulychnis, Fenzl in Endl. 1. c. 974. The 

 separation of these sections in the American species is not practicable, 

 as the inflation of the calyx and toothing of the capsule are not suffi- 

 ciently definite or constant characters.) 



* Native species, Western or Arctic : leaves narrowly lanceolate, spatulate or 

 linear; the radical usually numerous and the cauline few. 



•*- Tall : stems erect, usually a foot or more in height, several to many flowered ; 

 species ranging from Winnipeg to the Sierras, but chiefly of the llocky 

 Mountains, though not trulj- alpine. 



= Capsule sessile : petals included or scarcely exserted. 

 L. Dnimmondii, Wats. Finely grayish-pubescent throughout, 

 often purple-glandular above : stems erect, simple, somewhat rigid : 

 leaves narrow ; the lower oblanceolate ; the upper lance-linear : flowers 

 on long usually appressed pedicels : calyx in the typical form oblong- 

 cylindric or scarcely ovate, with green nerves: petals small, white 

 or purplish, with the short bifid minutely appendaged blade narrower 

 than the claw: seeds uniformly tubercled, not distinctly crested. — 

 Bot. King Exp. 37. 432. & Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 248. L. apetala, 

 Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. xxxiii. 4<»5 in part. L. apetala, vu 



