264 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



of the cultivation and management of the soil and the harvesting 

 and marketing of the crops; all these industrial associations were to 

 be wholly ignored by the State Government, and left entirely to the 

 support, management, and control of private means, energy, and 

 enterprise. Under this system the farmers, the mechanics, the man- 

 ufacturers, all the material industries, and all the laboring classes 

 of the State that look to these industries for employment and the 

 means of a livelihood, were to be ignored by the State as unworthy 

 of its fostering care and support. All that gives vital energy to a 

 country, and brings about material prosperity; all that renders edu- 

 cational and social advancement possible ; all that forms the basis 

 of civilization in times of peace, and strengthens the armies of a 

 government in times of war, was, under the new Constitution and 

 the laws as they stood at its adoption, to be ignored by the govern- 

 ment, and left entirely to the voluntary efforts of individuals. 



The lands of our farms, the improvements thereon, all our cattle, 

 sheep, and swine, all our household goods, and household gods, even 

 our orchards and vineyards, our vegetable gardens, and our flower 

 gardens in the front dooryards, made and attended by our wives and 

 daughters, were to be assessed and taxed. All the woolen mills, flour- 

 ing mills, foundries, sawmills, paper mills, carriage factories, furniture 

 factories, chemical works, quartz mills, bag factories, manufactories of 

 agricultural implements and machinery, and all other mills, fac- 

 tories, and shops used and maintained by mechanics and manufac- 

 turers of every class or name — even the skill and inventive genius 

 of our people — was to be assessed and taxed, and the money thus 

 accumulated to be paid into the State treasury, there to remain 

 forever beyond the control of those who had contributed it. Though 

 our agents — our own chosen legislators — could appropriate this money 

 without limit for political purposes and schemes, could use it indirectly 

 to induce the importation of goods from other States and countries, 

 and thus give aid to industries and enterprises and labor beyond the 

 limits of the State, they were forever prohibited from returning 

 directly or indirectly one cent of it to organizations within the State, 

 whose only object was to encourage home industries, home improve- 

 ments, home manufacturers, home labor, and home prosperity. 

 Thus our Empire State of the Pacific, the nucleus and the center of 

 a great industrial empire west of the Rocky Mountains, and contain- 

 ing within her borders more undeveloped agricultural, mineral, and 

 manufacturing resources than any other equal area of the earth's 

 surface, was to turn her back upon all the industrial lessons of the 

 past. She was to close her eyes to the policy of encouraging the 

 industries adopted by the great Napoleon, which placed France fore- 

 most among the Powers of the earth. She was to take no heed of the 

 governmental aid extended by Germany to the industrial schools 

 and experimental stations of that country, through which the Ger- 

 man philosophers and chemists became the authoritative exponents 

 of the laws of production to the rest of the world. She was to ignore 

 the policy of encouraging home industries which made England 

 mistress of the seas, and the dominator of the manufactures of all 

 other countries. She was to repudiate the policy of our own foremost 

 States — of Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Illinois — a policy early 

 adopted by them of aiding and encouraging agriculture and the 

 mechanic arts, and a policy which has placed those States in the 

 lead of all the other States of the Union. Yes, our own beloved Cal- 



