Pammel — Anatomical Characters of Seeds of Leguminosae. 129 



(61) maintains that the thick-walled cells are not consumed 

 durins: grermination and hence are not of reserve cellulose. 

 This is true, according to Elfert, for L. htieus, L. dlbiis, and 

 L. anguslif alius. The same writer, however, refers to the 

 thick-walled cells in the cotyledons of Impatiens as reserve 

 material. It is possible that the ferment capable of dissolv- 

 ing the thick walls of cotyledons is similar to Green's (75) 

 amylolytic ferment. Its occurrence and use in Scholia were 

 noted by Godfrin (72), but this fact was known to Schleiden 

 and Vogel ( 234). The facts are brought together by Tschirch 

 (265, 453). Judging from the studies of Harz (99, 2 : 594) 

 and Kumm (138) the cell-walls are generally thickened in the 

 genus Lupinus. In our own species studied, the walls are but 

 slightly thickened, usually but little more than in Phaseolus. 

 We may also note the occurrence of chromatophores as 

 well as a nucleus and nucleolus in the cells of cotyledons. 

 The procambial vessels are readily made out in sections 

 treated with chloral hydrate. These cell-walls are not ligni- 

 fied in Astragalus canadensis, Mucuna pruriens, Baptisia 

 leucophaea. Cassia marylaiidica, and Tamarindus indicus, 

 nor generally for Leguminosae so far as I know. In but few 

 cases has any differentiation taken place in the species that I 

 have studied except Gymnocladus canadensis and Vicia Faba. 

 According to Klotz (135) spiral tracheids occur in Pisum. 

 It may be interesting to observe that in some seeds like 

 Mucuna and Physostigma a hollow cavity occurs between the 

 two cotyledons. This is to aid dissemination, according to 

 Buchwald (35). 



ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF SEEDS 



From A Systematic Standpoint. 



Histological structures of seeds or parts of various drugs 

 have long been brought into requisition as aids for the recog- 

 nition of plants. This is well shown in numerous works 

 dealing with subjects of pharmacognosy. That anatomical 

 characters of different organs may have a much wider use 

 has also been abundantly shown. Some early attempts were 

 made to use anatomical characters from the standpoint of 



