Fammel — Anatomical Characters of Seeds of Leguminosae. 223 



upon as a nutrient layer in the developing seed. Tlie cells 

 of this layer are narrow and hypha-like in their appearance. 



The inner integument is suppressed except in Caesalpinieae. 

 It is evident here when the section is treated with chloral 

 hydrate. 



The nucellus is much compressed. In some genera, notably 

 Gymnocladus, Pisum and Lathyrus, it is more evident. 



The endosperm varies greatly ; in the Caesalpinieae it is well 

 developed, conspicuous also in some of the so-called exalbu- 

 minous seeds, like Trifolium and Medicago. The aleurone 

 layer is universally present, though frequently not conspicu- 

 ous. The endosperm is mucilaginous and consists of reserve 

 cellulose. 



The structure of the embryo varies greatly. The epidermal 

 cells are smaller than those of the underlying parenchyma. 

 The parenchyma may be more loosely arranged, as in Vicieae 

 and many of the Phaseoleaey or there are well defined palisade 

 layers present on the upper side of the cotyledons. It is 

 possible to foretell the method of germination except in P/m- 

 seoleae. Some of these germinate hypogaeously. In all other 

 cases, so far as I know, the presence of palisade cells corre- 

 sponds to epigaeous germination. In the Vicieae studied, 

 palisade cells are wanting ; these germinate hypogaeously. 



The reserve food consists of cellulose, starch, fat, and 

 protein, but in the majority of species it consists of fat 

 and protein only. Lysigenetic canals occur in Tephrosia. 

 Procambial vessels present, usually without spiral ducts. 

 Spiral ducts occur in Gymnocladus, Vicia Faha, and PJtaseolus 

 midtijiorus. 



In the systematic portion of the work, representatives of 

 three suborders were studied, namely PapiUonaceae, Caesal- 

 pinieae, and Mimoseae. From this study it is evident that 

 these cannot be treated as three separate orders. The order 

 Krameriaceae, which by some recent writers is placed between 

 the Caesalpinieae and Pajnlionaceae, has little in common with 

 the Leguminosae. Most oi the Adesmieae are strikingly differ- 

 ent from the other tribes of Leguminosae. Of the 23 tribes 

 given by Bentham and Hooker, 16 were studied, embracing 

 59 genera and 103 species, fairly representative of the order. 



