MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 91 
as a strong restorative, tonic, and aphrodisiac, adverse 
Western opinion notwithstanding.” 
In Korea ginseng growing is a government monopoly and 
in the past formed one of the chief sources of revenue. A 
few years ago the business had greatly declined, due to 
various parasitic diseases affecting the plant, and to the lack 
of proper governmental control. Recently experts have been 
engaged to study the diseases and much needed reforms 
have been introduced into the administration of the industry, 
so that it is probable that within a few years the monopoly 
will be as profitable as formerly. What effect this will have 
upon the American market for ginseng remains to be seen. 
Some of the regulations for the enforcement of the ginseng 
monopoly, which likewise afford an idea of the importance 
of this industry in Korea, are as follows: 
“The cultivation of ginseng is not allowed except by those 
licensed by the government.” 
“Separate certificates from the Minister of Finance must 
be obtained for permission to sow, transplant, or harvest 
ginseng.” 
“Persons coming under any of the following categories 
shall not be allowed to engage in the cultivation of ginseng: 
(a) - Persons contravening laws, regulations, and 
orders concerning ginseng. 
(b) Persons showing unfavorable results in the 
cultivation of ginseng. 
(c) Persons intending to engage in the cultivation 
of ginseng in localities considered to be inconvenient 
for the control of the business. 
(d) Persons whose ginseng fields do not exceed 
fifty Kan in area.” 
The minister of Finance appoints the date and place for 
_ the delivery of raw roots to the Government, furnishes in- 
formation and regulates the management of pias 
the number of roots to be planted, the space to be left between 
roots, the method of preventing and stamping out diseases 
and destruction of injurious insects, the method of packing 
and transporting raw roots, and many other details too 
numerous to mention. 
The right of manufacturing so-called “red-ginseng” is ex- 
clusively retained by the Ape wag and formerly its expor- 
tation was prohibited. ile the method of preparing red 
ginseng varies somewhat, it consists essentially of a steaming, 
