144 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
the Head Gardener, performing the duties of garden hands. 
Manual labor was also required during the five morning 
hours throughout the remaining years of the course, while 
the afternoons, after the first year, were devoted to the study 
of horticulture, forestry, botany, and entomology, under the 
direction of the Director of the Garden, twenty courses being 
offered during the five years. In closing, this first announce- 
ment states: 
“Tt is not intended to make botanists or other 
scientific specialists of the garden pupils, but, on the 
contrary, practical gardeners.” 
Two years later the course was changed from one of six 
years to one of four years. The subjects offered are prac- 
tically the same, though necessarily considerably condensed. 
In the announcement for that year (1893) there appears 
for the first time a definite working schedule for classes. 
In 1895 and 1897 the course was slightly readjusted but 
not materially changed, and from this time on it remained 
practically stationary for a number of years—in fact, up to 
the time of change in the Garden’s administration. A fair 
example of the course of study offered during this earlier 
period may be found in the one announced for 1910. Here 
the schedule provides for twenty-four courses. Of these 
gardening proper occupied 7, botany in different forms, 13; 
entomology, 1; bookkeeping and garden accounts, 2; and 
surveying and drainage, 1. Considered from the standpoint 
of the amount of time expended, the different courses oc- 
cupied the following number of periods: Gardening, 30; 
botany, 32; entomology, 6; bookkeeping and garden ac- 
counts, 3; and surveying and drainage, 6. 
Throughout this period elementary botany and plant 
physiology were given in the Shaw School of Botany, sup- 
plemented by more extended work in plant analysis, under 
various topics, conducted at the Garden by one of the Garden 
staff. All other subjects were given at first by one of the 
horticulturists and later by the Superintendent, in addition 
to his many other duties. 
Such, in brief, were the conditions under which the past 
students pursued their work. With the changes in the 
Garden management has come a corresponding change in 
the course of study offered to Garden pupils. 
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, March 11, 1914, 
an entirely new course of instruction was adopted. Amon 
the new features of the schedule which may be mention 
are the following: The elimination of the year—here- 
tofore given to manual labor alone, the course now covering 
