MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 111 
secured in most cases by a severe cutting back, sometimes to 
within 6 inches of the ground, at the time of planting. 
Most hedges require trimming several times a year, the last 
cutting being given early enough in the fall to allow thor- 
ough ripening of the wood and avoidance of winter killing. 
The best form for a hedge is rounded at top, permitting a 
more natural development. The privets, however, readily 
adapt themselves to the flat-top pruning. 
Garden roses represent many species, differing in habit 
and requiring different treatments. Before pruning the hy- 
brid teas one must decide what kind of a crop is wanted. 
If the largest and finest flowers are sought the plants must 
be thinned and pruned severely, but where abundance is of 
prime importance for effect, more shoots are left. Prunin 
of hybrid teas consists of two operations—thinning of dea 
or weak canes and cutting back the remainder, being per- 
formed in the order given. In general the eng goto: 
varieties can be pruned more heavily than those of strong 
growth. By hard, moderately hard, medium, and sparing 
pruning the following is meant: 
Hard—Thin out all but 3-5 canes and cut these to 3 
eyes each. 
Moderately hard—Thin out all but 3-5 canes and cut 
_ back to 5-10 eyes. . 
Medium—tThin out to 5-7 shoots and cut back one-half. 
Sparing—Thin out to 5-7 shoots and trim the tips. 
oe foe perpetuals do not require severe pruning, bein 
usually thinned out but a trifle and the canes cut to 
feet from the ground unless winter-killed. The shoots should 
be shortened after blooming, so that strong new canes may 
be secured for the next season. The polyanthas and baby 
ramblers usually require the removal of fruits, while the 
rugosas and moss roses need only the old and scraggly shoots 
cut out. The climbing roses need little attention except to 
keep them within bounds, allowing relatively few canes to 
grow, which should be well spaced on the trellis, and re- 
moving the old ones from time to time. The Wichuraiana 
and rambler types produce flowers om the wood of the 
previous year and thus should be pruned after flowering 
and in the spring. 
Vine pruning consists merely of removing the old shoots 
and cutting tak straggling growths, bearing the same prin- 
ciple in mind as that for shrubs in so far as the blooming 
riod is concerned—namely, pruning after blooming. 
ines which are grown for their ornamental fruit should 
be cut hard in early spring, as they fruit on the new wood. 
