— 32 — 



eral distinct lines of investigation were planned, and from very 

 careful observations we are enabled to say that the hibernation of 

 the species must be chiefly by means of the ordinary spores men- 

 tioned above, and not by ascospores. The former were found on 

 the fallen leaves at various times during the winter, and were 

 capable of germination and vigorous growth. Experiments 

 showed that these spores directly infected the host when sown on 

 plants especially cultivated for the purpose, and we believe, al- 

 though the evidence is not wholly conclusive, that in nature the 

 source of infection in the spring is wholly from the fallen leaves 

 of the previous year, or from the soil upon which they have 

 rested, and that the spores are probably blown in the rain or dust 

 to the young quince leaves. The utility of complete destruction 

 of all diseased leaves as fast as they appear, especially in quince 

 nurseries, is at once obvious ; and the raking up in the autumn 

 and burning of all fallen leaves and waste fruits in quince orch- 

 ards is advised. Spores could not be found lodged in bark or 

 bud-scales in close proximity to the opening bud, as we had ex- 

 pected ; indeed none of our investigations thus far indicate a 

 source of infection other than we have described. 



The long search for the second or ascospore stage, supposed by 

 Sorauer to be connected with this fungus, produced interesting 

 results of scientific but not practical importance, which will be re- 

 served for Miss Porter's final statement of her work. 



It is clear that certain varieties are more susceptible to the at- 

 tack of this parasite than others. As an illustration, the Angers 

 was badly infested, but the Meech, growing beside the former on 

 the University grounds, was nearly free. 



If this disease is already firmly established in an orchard or 

 nursery, and if an heroic remedy is really necessary, we particu- 

 larly call attention to the Bordeaux Mixture, the formula given 

 on p. 53 (Bull. XIX) of the current year. For account of its 

 successful application, see The Garden and Forest, 1889, p. 582 ; 

 Circular 8, U. S. Dept. of Agr., Div. of Veg. Pathology, 1889 ; 

 and Bulletin XIV, Ohio Experiment Station. 



Some time was spent on the examination of the various fungi 

 attacking in 1890 with particular virulence the fruit crops of 

 Western New York, and in reporting on the same. The apple- 

 scab fungus (Fnsicladiiun dendriticuni) in particular received 

 careful consideration, a summary concerning which is given on 



