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fungus is found upon the bracts or small leaves attending the 

 flower cluster, and it is frequent upon very small fruits. These 

 fruits, sometimes scarcely larger than peas, often hang upon the 

 tree until August, or even later. B. T. Galloway, mycologist of 

 the Department of Agriculture, writes me that he is "convinced 

 that infection usually takes place before the fruit has attained 

 the size of peas, ' ' but there is "no evidence that the fungus of 

 apple scab ever attacks the flowers of the apple. ' : A. B. Sey- 

 mour, of Harvard University, writes that he has never seen the 

 fungus upon flowers, but he has information that it attacks very 

 young pears, causing them to fall. F. S. Barle, of Cobden, 111., 

 who is both a mycologist and a fruit-grower, informs me that he 

 has ' ' repeatedly found the scab attacking the very y oung fruits 

 ^f pears, causing them to shrivel and fall instead of setting.' : 



But one who has visited orchards in many parts of Western New 

 "York this season, can readily understand that the diseased foliage 

 itself might be sufficient reason for failure of fruit. Upon trees 

 which were most severely attacked, the growth of the leaves was 

 checked and in August they are still half or quarter size, and 

 dry and stiff. The}' are often broken and torn by the winds. 

 Upon many trees the late leaves are nearly clean and have grown 

 full size. Fig. i is a good illustration of blighted apple foliage. 

 It shows the retarded leaves and a full-grown leaf of late July 

 growth. As a rule, the leaf is nearly covered with a brownish 

 mildew-like growth upon both surfaces. In the early stages of 

 attack the fungus is confined to more or less definite spots, which 

 may be suggested by Fig. 3. The leaf becomes brownish 

 throughout and often curls as if scorched. The sere and scorched 

 appearance of orchards is often visible a half mile away. Fig. 2 

 shows a branch attacked later in the season, when the leaves are 

 nearly full grown and when the growth of the wood has sepa- 

 rated them. This sort of injury is not characteristic of the 

 attacks in Western New York this year, however ; and it may 

 also be said that some of this later injury is probably due to other 

 fungi than the apple scab. 



This apple scab fungus (Fusicladium dcndriticum), which is so 

 destructive to foliage, is the one which causes the scab upon the 

 fruit itself. It is nearly always present to a greater or less extent 

 upon both leaves and fruit, but it is rarely so destructive to 

 foliage as this year. It has increased rapidly in New York of 



