— 5o 



cause of the dense nature of the epidermis of the leaf — so that 

 pear foliage rarely looks so brown as apple foliage. A gall mite 

 sometimes accompanies it, causing the spots to be raised some- 

 what above the surface. This appearance is more pronounced 

 upon the under surface of the leaf. It is shown in Fig. 4.* 



The leaf blight upon the quince, which 

 is very serious in many parts of the 

 country, is caused by an entirely different 



maciilatum ; 

 Mespili). A 



; 



fungus {hntomosporiam 1 



known also as Morthiera M 



■ characteristic injured leaf is shown in 



Fig. 5. It also attacks the fruit of both 







■, mm? w. 





quince and pear, causing it to crack. 

 This is the same fungus which attacks 

 stocks of pear and quince and renders 

 the growing of them precarious. I have 

 heard complaints from the large quince 

 growers in the western part of the state 

 that the fruit often blasts shortly after 

 setting and there is reason to believe that 



Fig. 3.— -Apple Scab Spots this fungus is the cause of much of the 

 071 a Leaf. mischief. This trouble is so serious in 



some places that one of our most intelligent quince growers in- 



* All the material collected in the Western New York orchards has been 

 examined by Professor Dudley, who contributes the following notes upon 

 it, together with observations upon specimens from other places : 



At various times since June 20th, specimens of diseased apple fruits and 

 leaves have been placed in my hands for examination, from the counties of 

 Oswego, Wayne, Ontario, Orleans, Tompkins, and Steuben, the object be- 

 ing to ascertain the cause of the wholesale destruction of the young fruit. 



The immature fruits themselves have been found to be attacked by two 

 enemies, first by the apple worm (and this pest has been sufficiently 

 abundant to apparently cause wide-spread injury), second by the apple 

 scab, caused by a parasitic fungus [Fusicladium dendriticum). Reports on 

 the latter, with remedy, were published in the Bulletin of the Weather 

 Bureau for July, issued from this University. In many instances this para- 

 site had attacked the fruits when they were no larger than small peas, and 

 it may appear on them at any subsequent stage of their growth until late 

 autumn. The very young fruits usually stop growing, and after a long 

 time gradually wither and fall away. If the apple is as large as a hickory 

 nut before it is attacked, it may develop and ripen ; any part not attacked 

 grows out fair and plump, the parts showing the olive green or blackish, 

 finally scabby spots, usually remaining knotty, indented, and undeveloped. 



The apple leaves were also attacked by the Fusicladium to an unusually 

 destructive extent, and the blackish-olive, mildewed blotches on the upper 

 surface have been wholly due to this fungus. Often also this appearance 

 was succeeded by the total browning or scorching of the margins or ends, 



