FOLSOM: MOUTH-PARTS OF ANURIDA MARITIMA. 115 
same plan as those of the entognathous Apterygota. The similarity is 
evident in part from the following account of Machilis by Oudemans 
(88, p. 186): “ Letztere [Ligula], Figur 28 Zz, reicht mit ihrem freien 
Ende ungefiihr ebensoweit als die Unterlippe und wird durch zwei 
Chitinstibchen gestiitzt, Figur 28 8, Figur 308. Mit der Ligula sind 
noch zwei Stiicke, Figur 30 P, verbunden, die ich als Paraglossz auffassen 
mochte. Sie sitzen an einer Chitinleiste, die sich auf der Dorsalseite der 
Ligula findet. Jede Paraglossa ist an ihrem freien Ende noch einiger- 
massen vertheilt (ich glaube in drei Lobi) und hat einen kleinen Vor- 
sprung an ihrer Basis, Figur 30 A. Es scheint mir, dass die Paraglossze 
ausserdem noch festsitzen an den Stiitzstiickchen der Ligula, Figur 
308.” 
. . » “Die Maxillarspitzen treffen einander mithin in dem Zwischen- 
raum zwischen Ligula und Paragloss, Figur 21, die Mandibularspitzen 
zwischen Paraglossee und Labrum.” 
Von Stummer-Traunfels (91) repeats some of Oudemans’ figures of 
Machilis. 
In Machilis, I find that the first maxille articulate with the skull— 
no longer with the lingual stalks —and the stalks, although evident, 
are much reduced and apparently functionless. The salivary glands 
open, as in Orthoptera, under the base of the lingua. 
In Orthoptera, the most generalized of the Pterygota, there is a well- 
developed hypopharynx, or lingua, which exactly corresponds in position 
with the lingua of Apterygota, being a median papilla between the bases 
of the first and second maxilla. In Periplaneta (Miall and Denny, ’86, 
p- 127, Figure 71) it is borne upon two chitinous stalks, clearly com- 
parable with those in Apterygota. Looking for traces of superlinguze 
in Melanoplus femoratus, I found them, as large dorso-lateral rounded 
lobes, intimately united, however, with the lingua. This union is 
already foreshadowed in Machilis and Lepisma. I also found — almost 
accidentally — two rudimentary, chitinous, divergent stalks, extending 
back into the head from the ventro-lateral regions of the base of the 
lingua. The significance of these facts is clear, although the meaning 
of the lingual appendages, which have apparently been overlooked or 
disregarded in most Orthoptera, could hardly have been ascertained 
without studying the less specialized Apterygota. In Packard’s figure 
of Anabrus (’98, p. 73, Figure 71), also, the lingua and left superlingua 
are evident. 
In the rare and singular Hemimerus, Hansen (94, pp. 70-71, Plate 2, 
Figures 9, 10, h.) finds a “ hypopharynx”’ and “ maxillulz,” as well as 
