FOLSOM : 
of the *‘ hypopharynx,’ 
lingua and “superlingu.” 
MOUTH-PARTS OF ANURIDA MARITIMA. 
117 
which term, then, may refer collectively to the 
The necessity for this new term, also 
brought out on page 132, will appear from the following synonymical 
table : — 
AUTHOR. APTERYGOTA. HYPoOPHARYNX. 
Lingua. Superlingue. 
De Olfers, ’62 Collembola lingua organa cochleariformia 
Meinert, °65 Thysanura tungen bitungens tvende Flige 
sc (trans.), °67 Thysanura lingua paraglossz 
Packard, ‘71 Collembola ~ eral is second maxille 
Tullberg, *72 Collembola lamina hypopharyngis laminz hypopharyngis 
inferior superiores 
Lubbock, ’73 Collembola and 
Thysanura ligula, lingua second maxillze 
Grassi, ’86 Thysanura ligula paragloss 
Oudemans, ’88 Thysanura ligula paragloss 
VY. Stummer-Traunfels, ’91 Collembola and 
Thysanura ligula paragloss~ 
Hansen, ’93 Collembola and 
Thysanura hypopharynx maxillulze 
Heymons, ’97 Lepisma hypopharynx 
Uzel, ’98 Collembola and 
Thysanura hypopharynx 
Folsom, ’99 Collembola glossa paraglossz 
Among Pterygota, the term “ hypopharynx ” of Savigny is fixed in 
application, although the compound nature of the organ is not gener- 
ally known. Synonymous with “hypopharynx ” are the following terms 
(see also Packard, ’98, p. 71): lingua (Savigny, 716), ligula (Kirby 
and Spence, ’28), langue ou languette (Duges, ’32), lingua (Westwood, 
*39, p. 9), tongue (Taschenberg, *79), hypopharynx (Dimmock, ’81 ; 
Burgess, ’80, and most others). 
“ Ligula,” ‘“glossa,” and “paraglosse” are terms established in 
Pterygota, but less fixed in the little-known Apterygota, and therefore 
more easily discarded in the latter group, as advised on pp. 132-133. 
* Maxillule ” and “second maxille” as applied to superlingue are un- 
fortunate because based upon unproved homological assumptions. The 
need for a new term, then, becomes evident. I have therefore suggested 
“ superlingue.” 
In Scolopendrella authors have omitted to mention whether the hypo- 
pharynx is present or not. 
Referring to Diplopoda, however, to which Scolopendrella is most 
nearly related, Packard (’98, p. 13) says, “The hypopharynx, our ‘ labi- 
ella’ (Figure 6), with the supporting rods, or stil linguales (sti. 1.), of 
Meinert, are of nearly the same shape as in some insects.” Latzel (Taf. 
IX. Figur 104; Taf. VL Figur 72) represents “ein Zwischenstiick der 
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