MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 39 
results of their work are apparent in many private places 
all over the city. If there is any doubt in regard to the 
pruning of large trees, it is desirable to call in a known 
expert for advice. 
Shrubs, while just as amenable to good and proper care, 
suffer less from neglect than do trees. A general rule gf er 
ble to the pruning of shrubs is that early-flowering shrubs 
are preferably pruned after blooming, and late-flowering ones 
in winter or early spring. Early-blooming shrubs usually 
produce their flowers on wood developed the previous season, 
while the later-flowering ones produce them on new wood. 
The golden bell, or Forsythia, for instance, blooms in the 
very early ae on the woody growth made the previous 
summer. If this were pruned away in the spring all the 
“flower wood” would be destroyed. On the other hand, 
hydrangeas bloom late in the season on the ends of shoots 
produced that year from buds on the old wood. It is usually 
customary to prune hydrangeas (in the spring) back to two 
or three buds, as the flower crop is thereby not endangered. 
If good results are to be iaced from the pruning of shrubs, 
therefore, the time and habit of their blooming must be care- 
fully taken into account. 
Trees and shrubs are often affected with scale insects and 
other diseases. During the summer months it is almost 
impossible to kill the former without injuring the foliage; 
in winter or early spring, therefore, also this important work 
must be done. It is safe to say that in St. Louis no large 
up of woody plants is entirely free from destructive scale 
insects, and it is recommended that at least once each winter 
or early spring a competent gardener be called upon to 
thoroughly spray the trees and shrubs. If spraying is 
to be done on an extensive scale, a spray pump is necessary, 
but if only a few plants are to be treated, a pail and whisk 
broom will suffice. Trees and shrubs may be sprayed in the 
early spring by using the well-known Bordeaux mixture, 
made as follows: 
A. Dissolve four pounds of copper sulphate in four gallons of water. 
B. Dissolve four pounds of quick lime in four gallons of water. 
Place solution A in a barrel or spray tank having a capacity of fifty 
gallons and add thirty-eight gallons of water. Dilute solution B in four 
gallons of water and after thorough stirring add to the solution in the 
barrel. When mixed the solution is ready to apply. 
Solutions A and B may be made up in greater quantities, using the 
same proportions, and kept as stock solutions. 
If disease appears after the foliage is on the trees, the 
same mixture may be used, but, except for fruit trees, one 
