32 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
latter made by interweaving overhead the branches of the 
trees on either side the walk. Willows, lindens, elms, horn- 
beam, cornel, privet, and hawthorn were popular for this 
purpose. 
Flowers were used in abundance in the knots or parterres, 
also in other beds, usually bordered with a low hedge of box 
or similar plants, or with lead, brick, pebbles, tiles, or even 
the shank bones of sheep. Larger beds were “railed,” either 
by a low trellis, or a single railing on posts at the corners, 
MONTACVTE ® SOMERSETSHIRE . 
co nee The Forecort Te Vopr. GarPeg Seog 
(oe e eee eed = = 2 sous o reer. 
PLAN OF GARDEN AT MONTACUTE, SOMERSETSHIRE, BUILT ~ 
BETWEEN 1580 AND 1601 AND PRACTICALLY 
UNALTERED AT PRESENT TIME. 
such rails and trellises being usually painted green and white, 
the Tudor colors. Beds were often raised above the level of 
the walk by a low brick or stone wall. The mount, a relic 
of monastic gardens, was a high artificial hill, sometimes in 
the center of the garden, sometimes at the end, overlooking 
the garden and the countryside. These flower garden rail- - 
ings and mounts are seldom used in modern garden craft. 
The garden of Shakespeare’s time was always enclosed, 
sometimes by a wall of brick or stone, sometimes by a trellis 
fence or high hedge. ‘He hath a garden cireummured with 
brick,” writes Shakespeare. Flowering and fruiting vines 
covered the walls and trellises. Hedges were used inside the 
garden also, in various shapes and sizes, box, cypress, yew, 
privet, hawthorn, roses, fruit trees, juniper, hornbeam, and 
cornel being the plants most commonly employed. Wood- 
