66 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
landscape work which has been done, this being the center of 
a group of able landscape gardeners who edit that interesting 
monthly, “Gartenkunst.” An idea of German gardening 
is given by the accompanying illustrations. The space 
beside the opera house at Frankfort-on-Main has been con- 
verted into a beautiful little park with very unusual planting, 
the unsightly blank wall of the building having been almost 
completely covered with vines trained on lattices. The tree 
in this view is our American black locust. 
In Italy, Florence and Fiesole were among the places vis- 
ited, and here we were impressed with the magnificent color- 
ing of sky and country. Hedges are used in abundance in 
the modern residence section of Florence, laurustinus, box, 
euonymus, honeysuckle, camellias, roses, jasmine, and 
plumbago being among the plants most commonly seen 
(Plate 16, fig. 2). The American black locust which shows 
prominently in this photograph, is a very popular tree in all 
countries of Europe, and attains great size and beauty. Ap- 
parently the wood borer which attacks our trees is not present 
there. The most characteristic Italian tree, however, and the 
one which seems to. be in the most intimate harmony with the 
surrounding architecture is the pyramidal cypress (Plate 17, 
fig. 1). Olive trees are seen, of course, and in Plate 17, fig. 2, 
is ce a side street with these trees overhanging the garden 
walls. 
Everywhere abroad, especially on the Continent, one is im- 
pressed with the close connection between landscaping and 
architecture. The Europeans genuinely appreciate the fact 
that a fine building requires a beautiful setting, and that 
fountains and statues count for little without background and 
dignified approaches. 
CHARLES W. DEUSNER, 
Horticulturist, Batavia, Illinois. 
THE HORTICULTURAL EXPERIMENTALIST AND 
HIS WORK | 
Millet’s picture of the toilers in the field is a true portrayal 
of the farmer of other days. His story was one of toil without 
recompense. Frequently the products of the farm sold for 
less than the chemical elements composing them could be 
purchased on the market, not allowing anything either for 
living or for interest on his investment. As a result of these 
conditions, the farmer was compelled to mine out the plant 
food of the soil, and the countless run-down farms of the east 
are the consequence. The condition was, in the main, due to 
