162 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
tensively as a hedge. The half-ripe fruit is used for pickles, 
and sauce made from the ripened berries has a flavor almost 
indistinguishable from that of cranberry sauce. The wood 
is well adapted for turning on the lathe. 
Carissa Carandas, East Indies. C. Arduina, South Africa. 
C. edulis, Egypt. 7 
Chiococea racemosa. Rubiaceae. Snowberry.—A climb- 
ing shrub of the Florida Keys and south Florida. It is eul- 
tivated in hothouses for its panicles of yellowish white flowers 
and the white fruits. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate, 
thick, shining, and entire, and the fruit is a globular drupe 
¥% inch in diameter, turning glabrous. 
Chrysophyllum sp. Sapotaceae. Star apple—A native of 
the West Indies, sedeiinis a height of 30-40 feet. The fruit 
is about the size of an apple and is wholesome, with an agree- 
able sweet flavor. It consists of ten cells, each containing a 
single seed, and when cut across has a star-like appearance. 
Citrus Aurantium. Rutaceae. Orange. — A low, much- 
branched tree, native of western India. It was introduced into 
Italy in the ninth century, and is now grown all along the 
Mediterranean. The tree attains a great age, those in the 
groves of Spain being more than six hundred years old, and 
some trees producing six thousand fruits a year. The orange 
is naturalized in California and Florida, where immense 
—- of the fruit are grown for consumption in the 
United States as well as for exporting. There are a great 
many cultivated varieties, among which are the Malta or 
bl orange, which has a red rind and flesh; the Mandarin 
with a small, flat fruit, from which the skin separates readily ; 
the Bergamot from which an essence called bergamot oil 1s 
extracted; and the Seville or bitter orange which is largely 
used for making marmalade and candied peel. 
_ Chtrus grandis var. “Royal.” Rutaceae. Grapefruit—A 
tree native of the Malay Archipelago, growing to a height 
of 25-30 feet. It is extensively cultivated in Florida and to 
some extent in California. e fruit is globose, with pale 
yellow pulp, and is used largely for dessert. There are @ 
number of varieties, many of which have been originated in 
Florida. | 
Citrus japonica. Rutaceae. Kumquat.—lIt is a small tree, 
native of Japan and China, ree upon the slopes of hills. 
The yellow fruit is preserved in jars and forms an important 
export. It is in California and Florida and is used 
in the United States either preserved or fresh. The pulp is 
sour, while the rind is sweet. : 
