72 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
plants, or as a liquid by mixing six ounces with fifty 
gallons of water and six ounces of slaked lime to neutralize 
any soluble arsenic which may be present. Arsenate of lead 
is quite as poisonous as Paris green, but is more effective 
because of better sticking qualities. It comes either in paste 
or powder form, and is applied as a spray at the rate of two 
pounds to fifty gallons of water. 
The sucking insects suck the juices out of the plants, and 
for that reason it is impossible to poison their food without 
injuring the plant itself. Plant lice are a common example 
of these insects. To eradicate them, a solution which kills 
by contact with their bodies is used, kerosene emulsion, 
whale-oil soap, and nicotine preparations being most com- 
monly applied. The last named is the most effective and 
may be prepared in concentrated form and diluted as needed, 
generally using one ounce to a gallon of water. 
Plant diseases are caused by the growth of parasitic plants, 
fungi, and bacteria within the tissues of the host. In order 
to prevent plant disease, the attack of these parasitic plants 
must be anticipated and the spray applied either before or 
just as the disease appears. The best material for this pur- 
pose is Bordeaux mixture, which consists of five pounds of 
copper sulphate, five pounds of lime, and fifty gallons of 
water. A prepared mixture ready for use may be procured 
at a seed store. Common examples of plant diseases are bean 
blight, celery rust, mildew on peas, leaf spot, etc. All spray- 
ing should be done with a hand sprayer or atomizer. 
“THE FALL GARDEN 
The spring vegetable garden will furnish sufficient edible 
matter during the summer months, but it will not contain 
enough to store and prepare for winter use. In order to 
secure this winter supply a separate plot should be main- 
tained where such crops as beans, beets, celery, cucumbers, 
om and tomatoes may be grown in large quantities. 
‘he table on page 66 indicates the quantity of and the 
yields for a twenty-foot row for all crops except potatoes, 
these being worthy of a special treatment. The early 
crop may be planted from March 15 to May 1, while the late 
crop may go in as late as June 1. However, it is advisable 
to plant even the late varieties before the extremely hot 
weather sets in, otherwise the yield will be affected mate- 
rially, The potato “seed” consist of small sections of a potato 
tuber which contain at least two eyes. These are planted in 
rows 244-3 feet apart, and 12 to 15 in the row, inches 
deep, and immediately covered level with soil. One peck 
id 
