170 MISSOURI BOTANICAL-GARDEN BULLETIN * 
straw rope to avoid excessive transpiration and consequent 
drying out of the bark. A mulch of manure is desirable 
around the trunk to conserve moisture and furnish food. 
Pruning back 5-8 feet in all directions is important in order 
to restore the equilibrium between the roots and trunk, 
which is invariably disturbed because of the loss of numerous 
roots in transplanting. 
Another machine used in tree moving operates in a some- 
what different manner. It consists of a hind axle 12 feet 
long, with broad-tired wheels, a narrow front axle, and a 
frame made of 20-foot timbers which are braced to the hind 
axle with 10-foot three-by-fives. Two rollers are inserted into 
the top of the frame with a windlass at one end, by means 
of which the tree may be raised or lowered with large ropes 
passing over the rollers to the windlass. The tree is dug with 
a symmetrical ball and then tipped so as to permit of passing 
a heavy rope around a few of the large roots, leaving the 
ends of the rope turned up to be used later in lifting the 
tree, Another rope is passed in a similar manner on the 
other side, while 4 guy ropes are attached to the upper 
part of the trunk to keep it upright. The front part of the 
machine is then removed, the frame with the hind wheels 
around the trunk, and the front axle replaced. The 
ack wheels are braced with timbers to aid in drawing the 
tree away. The ends of the rope which was fastened around 
the roots are now passed over the roller to the windlass, the 
tree slowly lifted so that it hangs within the frame, and the 
four guy ropes are attached to a boom underneath the frame 
and to the front part of the machine. Inside of the frame 
4 rope loops are made fast, being so placed that by passing a 
rope around the trunk and through these, a ring is made 
which will keep the trunk in the middle and prevent bruis- 
ing against the frame or the rollers. The tree is lowered into 
its new hole in exactly the reverse manner. In moving by 
this method it may be necessary to tip the tree backward in 
passing obstructions. 
Moving trees upon a stone wagon is a simple operation, 
necessitating wrapping the ball in burlap and sliding it up 
out of the hole on to the bottom of the wagon by means of 
rollers placed on a wooden incline with a block and pulley 
arrangement. 
The newest method of moving the larger trees growing ‘in 
sandy soils involves the painstaking process of dissecting 
practically all of the roots to a diameter of 30-40 feet (for a 
tree 18-20 inches in diameter) and lifting them with ex- 
treme patience and skill to avoid breaking ‘or bruising. The 
