‘CAMPANALS. 233 COMPOSITES. 
Bracts smooth, palmate, spiny, with a strong channelled central spine; heads 
_ lateral ; leaves deeply pinnatifid. 
Habitat. Gravelly and sandy places. 
Quality. Roots bitter. ; 
Uses. Employed as a substitute for the Cnicus Benedictus. 
Cnicus, Linneeus. 
Bracts of the involucre coriaceous, extended into a long 
hard pinnated spine. Achenia regularly furrowed, 
smooth, with a broad lateral sear. Pappus triple; 
the outer horny, short ; the next composed of 10 
long bristles ; the third of 10 short bristles. 
- C. Benedictus Linnewus. Fig. 312. 
A branched rather shaggy annual ; leaves amplexicaul, 
rather decurrent, half pinnatifid ; heads terminal, 
enveloped in leaves ; florets yellow. — 
abitat. Levant, Persia; now in South America. 
Quality. Tonie, diaphoretic, emetic, 
8s. Weak digestion ; warm infusion in chronic diseases. 
Cynara. Linneeus. 
Bracts of the involucre fleshy at the base, emarginate, 
with a hard point. Receptacle fringed. 
C. Scolymus Linneus.—(The ARTICHOKE.) cs re 
“eaves rather spiny, pinnatifid and undivided ; scales of the involucre ovate. 
Habitat. South of Europe. 
8s. The receptacle or “ bottom” 
of the flower-head is largely em- 
ployedas a delicate esculent. The 
pappus forms the “ choke.” 
Arctium. Linneus. 
4ppus short, pilose, distinct. 
acts forming a globular 
head, armed with hardhooks, 
, and constituting a bur. 
La. majus Schkuhr. Lappa 
major.—(Burpock.) Fig. 
a 2 
‘olucrenearly smooth; bracts 
all subulate and hooked, 
longer than the florets ; 
eads rather corymbose. 
itat. Road-sides, waste places, 
oh geo diaphoreti 
a ven apnore 
diuretic; achesia diuretic sed 
e, 
an ane2t®; leaves, and fruit, as | | 
'n tative and resolvent in : . 
Souty, rheumatic, calculous, and venereal complaints, N.B.—The smaller Burdoe : 
ium minus, known byits cobwebby heads, placed in racemes, has the same property 
Fig. 312.—Leaf of Cnicus Benedictus ; 313, Arctium majus. 
