CINCHONALS. — 236 CRANBERRIES. 
2. C. Endivia Linneeus.—(ENDIVE.) ; 
Stem smooth, or rather hairy; lower leaves oblong, sinuated, nearly smooth, 
those next the flower-heads broadly auricled ; florets blue or white. 
Habitat. East Indies. Common in gardens. 
Quality. Bitter. 
Uses. Employed largely as a winter salad. 
Tracopogon. Linneus. 
Pappus feathery, in many rows. Bracts in one row, 8-10, united at the 
base. Receptacle punctured. Achenia striated, with a long beak. 
1. T. porrifoliwm Linneus.—(Satsary. Cerrciris or Satsiris Fr.) a 
Smooth; leaves erect, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, entire; peduncles 2 
obconical, fistular ; flowers purple ; roots cylindrical, succulent. ee: 
Habitat, Meadows all over Europe. Common in gardens. 
Quality. Said to be sudorific, Root nutritious and subaromatic. 
Uses, Roots sweet, tender ; much esteemed as an esculent. 
THE CINCHONAL ALLIANCE (V.K., p. 757.) 
Natural Orders of Cinchanals. 
Cranberries (Vacciniacee.) Stamens epigynous, porandrous. 
Cinchanats (Cinchonacew.) Stamens epipetalous. Leaves opposite, 
with interpetiolar stipules. i 
Caprifails (Caprifoliacee.) Stamens epipetalous. Leaves opposite, 
with no stipules. 
Htellates (Galiacew.) Stamens epipetalous. Leaves verticillate, with 
no stipules, Fruit didymous. 
Natural Order, Cranberries; Vacciniacew (V. K., p. 757.) 
Prevailing Quality. Uncertain. 
Oxycoccus. Persoon. 
Corolla rotate, 4-parted, revolute. Stamens 8. Berry 4-celled. 
1. 0. palustris Persoon.—(CRANBERRY.) 
Branches creeping, filiform ; leaves oval, entire, rolled back at the edge. 
Habitat, Bogs over all the north of Europe. 
Quality. Fruit largely used in tarts and puddings. 
Vaccinium. Linneus. 
Corolla 4-5-cleft, campanulate or urceolate. Stamens 8-10. Berry 4-5- 
celled, many-seeded. oe 
1. V. Vitis Idea Linnews.—(Rep WaortTLEBERRY.) oe 
A dwarf shrub ; leaves evergreen, obovate, emarginate, rolled back at the 
_ edge, marked beneath with black dots. e 
Habitat. North of Europe and America. . 
Uses. The berries form one of the most agreeable of marmalades, Leaves sometimes 
used to adulterate samples of Arctostaphylos uva ursi. : 
2. V. uliginosum Linnseus.—(WHORTLEBERRY.) : - 
Stem much branched, ferruginous ; leaves small, obovate, entire, down, 
and glaucous on the under side. 3 
_ Habitat. All Europe, from the polar region to the Mediterranean. 
Quality. Fruit sueculent ; when atshaeed, grodncing a heady liquor. 
