GENERAL REMARKS ON MIHKRAt MEDICINES, 25 



are rubbed together into a paste with goat-milk, and made 

 into crucibles which are dried in the sun. Practically, howevet*, 

 goldsmith's crucibles or comon earthen cups are used. The 

 compounds to be roasted are placed in one crucible, this is 

 covered with a seeoud, and the two are luted together with clay. 



^T^^fT^^. The sand-bath called Vdlukrf yantra is made by 

 filling an earthen pot with sand and heating it over the lire. 

 Metalic preparations sublimed within glass bottles are heated in 

 sand-baths. 



*{NWtf. When medicines, tied in a piece of cloth or other 

 material, are suspendedand boiled in a pot of water, tho apparatus 

 is called Dold yantra. The steam-bath called Svedana yantra is 

 got up by covering the month of a pot of boiling water with a 

 piece of cloth, placing the medicines to be heated by steam on this 

 cloth, and then covering them with another pot. 



For the sublimation of metals and metalic preparations, two 

 sorts of apparatus are used. The first, called ^f^qFPra 7 ^ Urdha- 

 vdtana y antra f consists of two earthen pots placed one above the 

 other with their rims luted together witli clay. The lower pot 

 containing the medicine is put on fire while the upper one is kept 

 cool with wet rags. The sublimate is deposited in the interior of 

 the upper pot. Sometimes the lower pot is covered with a concave 

 dish and water poured into its hollow to keep it cool and changed 

 as often as it gets hot. The second plan consists in placing the 

 medicines to be sublimed in the bottom of a glass bottle which 

 has been strengthened with layers of clay and cloth wrapped 

 round it, and then exposing it to heat in a sand-bath. The 

 sublimate is deposited in the neck of the bottle, whence it is 

 extracted by breaking the latter. 



fas^cfrqrainFTf, Tiryah pdtana yantra. This apparatus mean 

 the adjustment of retorts and receivers for sublimation and 

 distillation. At the present day glass retorts of European 

 manufacture are used. Country -made glass retorts are also 

 available. 







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