PIPER PETLE. 245 



Long pepper and blaok pepper enter into the composition of 

 several irritating snuffs. The following is an example. Take of 

 black pepper, long pepper, seeds of Moringa pterygosjxrma (sv<fa 

 maricha ) and ginger equal parte ; powder the ingredients and 



dijloraf 



coma 



(vaka). This preparation is used as a snuff in 

 drowsiuess. 



Ashtakatvara taila} Take of ginger and long pepper each 

 sixteen tolas, mustard oil four seers, butter-milk thirty-two seers, 

 curdled milk four seers and boil them together in the usual way. 

 This oil is rubbed externally in seiatioa and paraplegia. 



PIPER CHABA, Hunter. Sans. ^fam, ChaviM. Vem Chai, 

 Beng. CJidb, Hind. The fruits of this species of Piper are 

 considered stimulant, anti- catarrhal and carmirative and are 

 much used as adjuncts to medicines for cough, cold and hoarseness. 



PIPER BETLE, Linn. 



"rrr^ 



The leaves of this creeper are, as is well known, mastioated 

 by the natives of India. The Poorer clashes make their packet of 

 betle with the addition of lime, catechu and betle-nuts. The rich 

 add cardamoms, nutmegs, cloves, camphor and other aroroatics. 

 Betle-leaf thus chewed acts as a gentle stimulant and exhilarant. 

 Those accustomed to its use feel a sense of langour when deprived 

 of it. The ancient Hindu writers recommend that betle-leaf 

 should be taken early in the morning, after meals and at 



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