effluent treatment, and other activities. Wastes generated by these 

 activities can be categorized as process solids, effluent treatment 

 residues, and general waste (see Table 14). A 250,000 B/D refinery 

 may generate 20,000 lbs/day of solid waste [8]. 



Table 14. Sources and Composition of Refinery Solid Wastes 

 (Source: Adapted from Reference 23) 



Source or 

 Process 



Wastes 



Composition 



Processing Solids 



Crude oil storage, 

 desalter 



Catalytic cracking 



Alkylation 



Drying and sweetening 



Storage tanks 

 Slop oil treatment 



Effluent Treatment Solids 

 API separator 



Chemical treatment 



Air Flotation 

 Biological treatment 



Basic sediments 

 Catalyst fines 

 Spent sludes 

 Copper sweetening 



Tank wastes 



Precoat vacuum 

 filter sludge 



Separator sludge 



Flocculant 



Scums or froth 

 Waste sludges 



Iron rust, iron, sulfides, 

 sand, water, oil 



Inert solids, catalyst 

 particles carbon 



Calcium fluoride, baux- 

 ite, aluminum, chloride 



Copper compounds, 

 sulfides, hydrocarbons 



Oil , water, solids 



Oil , diatomaceous 

 earth, solids 



Oil , sand, and any of 

 the above processing 

 solids 



Aluminum or ferric 

 hydroxides, calcium 

 carbonate 



Oil , solids, floccu- 

 lants (if used) 



Water, biological 

 solids, inerts 



59 



