waterfront industrial area or where multiple industries are present, the 

 costs of channel dredging and maintenance usually is borne by the public 

 rather than by a single company. 



Subproject: Piers (SP-2) 



Disturbing Activity: Pier design 



Where the work and storage areas are located back from the shore, piers 

 are often used instead of bulkheaded dock frontage. Piling-supported piers 

 that extend over wetlands as well as out into the water are strongly 

 recommended in place of solid fill structures. The dock or pier frontage 

 requirement depends upon expected pipe shipping volumes. A 750-foot 

 frontage is needed for simultaneous loading of two barges with coated pipe 

 sections. More frontage would be required for additional barges, service 

 craft, and supply ships. A pier normally supports at least one permanent 

 crane, of about 150-ton rating, for loading and offloading pipe and raw 

 materials. To reduce dredging needs, the landward end of the pier may be 

 used for shallow draft barges and the seaward end for ore ships and other 

 deeper draft vessels. 



Subproject: Bulkheads (SP-3) 



Disturbing Activity: Bulkhead design 



Bulkheading is a common practice for waterfront industrial sites of 

 this kind. For a pipe-coating yard, bulkheads are used to: retain fill 

 for extending waterfront land area or leveling the site; control shore 

 erosion, and provide convenient dock frontage that will allow heavy 

 loads to be moved to the water's edge. Where interlocking steel sheet 

 pilings or other vertical bulkhead materials are used, extreme alteration 

 of the shoreline occurs. 



Extensive dock frontage is required for a pipe-coating yard (at least 

 750 feet for two barges). If additional space is needed for offloading 

 raw materials arriving by ship, the required frontage could easily double. 

 It is particularly important that the dockside yard surface be capable 

 of supporting the operation of large portable cranes, forklifts, and 

 other heavy equipment. A bulkheaded waterfront may require elimination 

 of wetlands and excavation of adjacent shallow bottoms to depths of 20 

 to 30 feet in order to provide berths for pipe barges or supply ships. 



Subproject: Site Preparation ($P-5) 



Disturbing Activity: Clearing, grading 



The pipe storage area (up to 95 percent of the developed part of the 

 site) is cleared completely and graded level. The remaining area may be 

 cleared for buildings, or it may be completely cleared, graded, and 

 landscaped. 



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