Table 8. Potential Oil Spill During the Life of an Oil Field 

 (Source: Reference 6) 



Size of Find 



Number 

 of Spills 



Barrels Spilled 



Small Find 



Platform 

 Pipeline 

 Tanker 



Medium Find 

 Platform 

 Pipeline 

 Tanker 



0.28 

 0.31 

 0.41 



1.3 

 1.4 

 1.9 



7,200 

 13,900 

 19,900 



33,300 

 62,900 

 92,400 



Large Find 



Platform 

 Pipeline 

 Tanker 



4.7 

 5.2 

 6.9 



120,500 

 233,300 

 335,700 



of the hydrocarbon find. At present, therefore, pipelines also appear to 

 be environmentally safer than tankers. 



3.3 ONSHORE TERMINALS AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 



3.3.1 Profile 



An onshore marine terminal for loading or offloading tankers may serve 

 as one or more of the following: (1) a receiving terminal for very large 

 crude carriers (VLCC) delivering oil for nearby processing facilities; 

 (2) a transshipment terminal for loading crude oil produced offshore and 

 brought by pipeline to an onshore storage facility; (3) an LNG receiving 

 terminal (discussed in Section 3.10); and (4) a product terminal for off- 

 loading and storing refined products brought by tankers for subsequent 

 pipeline, truck or rail delivery to the market. 



Such a marine terminal will typically have the following major 

 components: a berthing system for ships, loading and/or unloading equip- 

 ment, storage tanks with dikes, pumping station, fire protection 

 facilities, and, usually, direct connection to an onshore pipeline. The 

 decision whether to build a terminal directly on the waterfront (shoreside) 

 terminal) or out in the nearshore waters (nearshore terminal) is based on 

 consideration of the water depths available at each site, the nature of 



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