PCS PROJECT SUBPROJECTS ACTIVITIES DISTURBANCES EFFECTS 



(e.g., plat- (e.g., navi- (e.g.,dredg- (e.g. ,disrup- (e.g.,sus- 

 form yard) gation, bulk- ing, pile tion of bottom) pended solids, 

 heads) driving) siltation) 



OCS onshore development projects may stimulate secondary, or indirect, 

 industrial development such as repair shops or equipment supply houses. In- 

 dustrial development may also bring new residents who will require houses, 

 stores, public utilities, schools, marinas and roads. Like the primary OCS 

 projects, secondary development projects (e.g., construction of a marina 

 for recreational boats) have component subprojects (e.g., docks) which require 

 activities (e.g., depositing of spoil) which have effects on fish and wildlife 

 resources and their habitats. A description of secondary development fore- 

 casting is outlined in Volume II of this report series, "Effects on Coastal 

 Communities". 



2.2 iriPACT ELEMENTS 



The method of impact assessment recommended here requires: (1) the 

 precise delineation of stages in the impact sequence to i'acilitate the 

 assessment, and (2) detailed assessment of activity types with a known, or 

 strongly suspected, potential for significant disturbance to natural re- 

 sources, including fish and wildlife and their habitats. 



2.2.1 Projects and Subprojects 



Assessment begins with dividing the proposed project into component 

 subprojects and then tracking each subproject through the impact cycle. The 

 subproject is the smallest component of a project that typically would be 

 recognized by an engineer as a discrete unit, such as a bulkhead, a pier, a 

 stormwater system or the preparation of a site. 



For convenience in assessing the effects of OCS-related activities on 

 fish and wildlife, a set of standard subprojects has been compiled (Table 2). 

 The choice of these particular subprojects reflects accommodation to several 

 factors (such as relevance to OCS, intensity of effects, frequency of occur- 

 rence). These 20 standard subprojects are the framework for detailed con- 

 sideration of disturbances in Part 4 of this report. 



2.2.2 Activities 



An activity is a work action--a bulldozer moving, a dragline dredging, or 

 a pump discharging. The two major types of activities encountered in assess- 

 ment are construction and operation. A subproject may have a potential for 

 significant disturbance either in the construction or operational stage, depend- 

 ing upon the mix of activities involved. For example, a nearshore marine ter- 

 minal may have a low potential for disturbance in construction, because pile 

 driving is a relatively benign activity, but a high potential for disturbance 

 in operation, because the transfer activity (from tankers to pipelines) may 

 have a high probability of oil leaks and spills. 



A list of common construction activities is given in Table 3. A list of 

 operational activities (ongoing work of the subproject) is given in Table 4. 



