LIST OF FIGURES 

 Figure Page 



1 An impact cycle, based on human needs, describing 



pathways of cause and effect 2 



2 A typical linkage showing the web of disturbances and 



effects leading to environmental impact from dredging .... 6 



3 Typical layout for mid-depth sea island (nearshore) 



terminal 29 



4 Typical service base layout 35 



5 Typical refinery operations and products 53 



6 Derivation of principal primary petrochemicals 62 



7 Flow diagram for an LNG receiving terminal 79 



8 Examples of types of dredges: (A) bucket or mechanical 



dredge, and (B) suction or hydraulic dredge 88 



9 Example of a "fugitive" dredge plume with a protective 

 turbidity diaper in place 89 



10 Concentration of suspended sediments in a plume caused 



by dredging 90 



11 Salinity records from the Hopedale section of the 

 Mississippi River in Louisiana showing evidence of 

 salt intrusion after completion of the Mississippi 



River-Gulf Outlet Canal in 1962 95 



12 Typical New England coastal wetlands with the one-year 



or annual flood line 99 



13 Design details of a typical wood sheet bulkhead 101 



14 Typical steel sheet piling bulkhead 102 



15 Cross-section of riprap structure and floating dock 102 



16 Standard beach profile--description and nomenclature 104 



17 Changes in beachfront profile caused by storms 104 



18 Erosion of beach area caused by wave energy deflected 



in front of a seawall 107 



19 Stone revetment at Cape Henry, Virginia 108 



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