2. Silt from surface drainage into refinery sewer systems, and 

 screened out in wastewater treatment. 



3. Silt and other debris from the water supply, screened out prior 

 to use in the refinery. 



4. Corrosion from processing units. 



5. Spent catalysts, which vary from refinery to refinery in quantity 

 and quality. 



6. Sludge, from wastewater treatment, unless incinerated. 



Furthermore, the construction of OCS-related facilities, as well as 

 construction of the facilities induced to locate in the coastal zone, 

 also contributes to the volume of solid wastes to be disposed of. 



The aim of solid waste disposal processes is to convert the waste to 

 a less offensive form and to reduce its volume so that it can be disposed 

 of more readily. The four primary methods of solid waste disposal are, 

 in order of decreasing usage: landfill, resource recovery, incineration, 

 and ocean disposal . 



Groundwater or infiltrating surface water moving through solid wastes 

 disposed of in landfills produces a solution called "leachate", which 

 contains dissolved and finely suspended solid matter and microbial waste 

 products (Table 27). When it enters estuarine areas it introduces 

 toxicants, heavy metals, and pesticides, and causes oxygen depletion [120]. 



Table 27. Generalized Analyses of Various Liquid Wastes 

 (in Parts Per Million). (Source: Reference 119) 



'Data provided by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago 

 -Data from the files of the IHinois Department of Public Health 

 ■Biological oxygen demand. 

 tChemical oxygen demand 



155 



