Plant cover is easy to establish and maintain in locations that have 

 fertile soils and moderate slopes. If construction is delayed on a site 

 that has been cleared and graded, temporary cover crops can be used to 

 protect the site against erosion. Rapidly growing plants such as small 

 grains and grasses are best [70]. 



Immediate mulching and reseeding of bare earth can eliminate signi- 

 ficant soil loss. Generally, mulch is applied at rates of 1 to 2 tons 

 per acre [69]. Jute netting can be applied to soils to protect newly 

 seeded areas until vegetation becomes established. Although cotton or 

 paper netting can be used [70], jute netting is particularly well 

 suited because it can withstand the higher flow velocities associated 

 with ditches, steep slopes, and similar areas where the establishment 

 of vegetation is difficult [69]. 



4.6 SITE DEVELOPMENT - SUBPROJECT 6 



The activities included in site development are those that immediate- 

 ly follow the grading and other initial preparation of the site surface. 

 They include a range of activity from finish grading to the erection of 

 structures. Provision must be made early in site development planning 

 for many environmental protection features, such as detention basins, 

 stormwater treatment facilities and sewage lines. Site development 

 activities which incorporate adequate design features can be conducted 

 with minimal impacts on fish and wildlife and their habitats beyond those 

 from the site clearing itself. 



4.6.1 Sunmary 



Since there is a large diversity in OCS-related onshore facility 

 components and requirements, and a variety of engineering approaches to 

 a given type of project, site development plans may vary greatly according 

 to specific local conditions and project needs. General performance 

 standards and environmental safeguards can be used to guide development on 

 a wide variety of sites for CCS onshore and induced community facilities. 



Major activities of site development include filling and finish grad- 

 ing, paving, permanent transmission line construction activities, open exca- 

 vations and permanent drainage facilities, erection of structures and special 

 projects as required, such as bulkheads, bridges, dikes and levees, and sew- 

 age systems (as discussed in their respective Subprojects). 



Major changes in the natural pattern of land drainage usually 

 causes adverse effects on water quality. Such changes include filling or 

 devegetation of drainage-ways, alteration of land grades, channelization 

 of watercourses and paving. Therefore, site development should always 

 consider the principle of retaining the system of land drainage in as 

 nearly the natural pattern as possible. Construction in wetlands is 

 therefore virtually precluded. 



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