56 ANURA 



CHAP, 



Boulenger ^ lias summarised the various conditions concerning the 

 deposition and care that is taken of the eggs, in the following 

 list, in whicli more recent discoveries have been interpolated. 



I. The ovum is small, and the larva leaves it in a comjiaratively early 

 embryonic condition. 

 A. The eggs are laid in the water : — 



a. "Without further care or preparations : probably the majority 

 of Aniira ; all European forms, except Alytes. 



b. The eggs are laid in a specially -walled-in part of the ])nnd : 

 Hyla faber. 



T>. The eggs are deposited out of the water : — 



a. In liole.s, or under grass, near the banks of pools. • The larvae 

 are liberated and washed into the water by the next heavy 

 rain : Lei^todadylus ocellatus, L. mystacinits, Paludicola gracilis, 

 Pseudojyhryne australis and P. bibroni. 



b. On leaves above the water, the larvae dropping down when 

 leaving the egg : Cliiromantis riifescens, PhyUmiieJum iheringi, 

 Ph. hypoclwndrialis. 



II. The yolk is very large and the young undergoes the whole or jjart of 

 the metamorphosis within . the egg ; at any rate the larva does not 

 assume an independent existence until after the loss of the gills. 



A. The eggs are dejDosited in daiii}) situations, or on leaves. The 

 young escape as : — 



a. Tadpoles : Arthroleptis seychellensis, lihacoplioriis schlegeli, Bh. 

 macxdatus. 



b. Perfect, air-breathing fiogs : Kana ojnsthodon, Hylodes mar- 

 tinicensis, Hyla nebulosa. 



B. The eggs are carried by a parent. 



a. By the male : — 



a. Round the legs ; the young leaves the egg in the tadpole 



stage : Alytes. 

 fi. In the enlarged vocal sacs ; the young leave in the perfect 



state : Bhinodermu. 



b. By the female : — 



u. Attached to the 1 icily : Jiltacophorus reticulatii-<. 



fS. Attached to the baik ; ihe young complete their niL-tamor- 



phosis within the egg : Pipii. 

 y. In a dorsal pouch which the young leave as tadpoles : A'ufv- 



trema marsupiatum ; — or in the perfect state : Nototrcma 



testadineum, N. cornutum, X. oviferum, X. Ji^sijjcs, and Hyla 



goeldii. 



The development and metamorphosis of many species have 

 been described in the systematic pari. The following is a short 

 general account of some of the more important features. Meta- 

 morphosis in the Apoda and I'^rodela is restricted chiefly to the 

 reduction of the gills, tlie closing of the clefts, and the loss of the 



' ^Inn. Xnt. Hist. (5), xvii. 188(3, p. iiV-i. 



