I40 ANURA CHAP. 



Giinthei', 1858, "Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia." No progress was 

 made by his scheme, wliich relied uj)on the tongue and digits. 

 Aglossa with Myohatrachus. 



Opisthoglossa. a. Oxydactyla. h. Platydactyla. 

 Proteroglossii ; llhinophrynidae. 

 Coi>e, 1864. "On the limits and relations of the Eaniforme.s." ^ He 

 introduces the shoulder-girdle and the sacral diapopliyses, and drops 

 the discs as too ada])tive and misleading. He distingui.shes between 

 Kaniformes and Arcu'eri. 

 Cope, 1865. "Sketch of tlie primary groups of the Batrachia Salientia." ^ 

 Aglossa. 



Bufoniforniia (Bufonidaej. 



Arcifera (Discoglossidae, Scaphiopodidae, and Hylidae). 

 Raniformia. 

 In 1867 Cope separates the genus Hemisruf as Gastrechmia on account of its 



jieculiar pectoral arch.*^ 

 In 1875, "Check-list of North American Batrachia and Rei)tilia," Cope 

 elaborates his system : 



Class Batrachia. Order Anuia. 



1. Raniformia. 



2. Firmisternia. [Dendrobatinae and Engystomatidae.] 



3. Gastrechmia : He>nisiii<. 



4. Bufoniforniia. [Bufonidae.] 



5. Aglossa. Pipa. 



y 6. O(lontaglos.s{i. Xenopus. 



7. Arcifera. [Cystignathidae, Hylidae, Pelobatidae and Disco- 

 glossidae.] 

 Cope consequently considered the characters of the pectoral arch as equi- 

 valent to those of the dentition. 

 Boulenger, 1882, "Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia s. Ecaudata," 

 recognises that the pectoral arch is of greater systematic A-alue than the 

 dentition. The latter is used, together with the shape of the sacral 

 diapopliyses, for the se]iaration into families. 



' 1. Ranidae. 



, -,, , . T.- • . -2. Dendrobatidae. 



I. rhaneroglossa. A. r irmisternia.- „ ,, , .;i„„ 

 " 3. hngystomatidae. 



*- 4. Dyscophidae. 



.'). Cystignathidae. 



J!. Arcifera 



6. Dendrophryniscidae. 



7. Bufonidae. 



8. Hylidae. 



9. Pelobatidae. 



1 0. 1 )iscoglo.ssidaf. 



11. Hemiphractidae. 



12. Amphignathodpntidae. 

 (13. 1 )actyletliridae. 



II. Aglos.<a ■ . ■ . ^^^ p.^^-^^^ 



1 Proc. Ac. PhiJad. 1864, p. 181. 



- The Natural History Pcvieu; No. xvii. 1865, p. 97. 



•" Journ. Ac. Nat. Hist. P/n7p<f. vi. p. 189. 



