VI 



15UFON1DAE 



16/ 



iiiatidae,is indicated bvLlu' ^iexiean lUi i/uij)/i rt/s and the Australian 

 Myohatrachvs. However, since there are no true Engystomatidae 

 in Australia, although several genera occur in I'apuasia, these 

 cases may be instances of convergence without necessaril}- im- 

 plying relationslii[i. An unmistakable line of connexion leads, 

 according to Boulenger, to the Pelobatidae, the link being the 

 Himalayan Copliopliryne, with very strongly dilated sacral 

 diapophyses, with a single condylar articulation of the coccyx 

 with the sacral vertebra (as in some Indo-iMalayan I'elo- 



/ a 



BUFO. V///y TQP.\A%\N\-\W FINGEP DISCS. Ww FORMS BESIDES BUFO 



Fig. 34. — Map showing distribution of Bufonidae. TIr- vertical lines indicate the 

 occiirreuce of Bufonidae, but not of Bvfo. 



batidae), while this articulation is bicondylai in all the other 

 Bufonidae. 



The whole family is divided into eight genera with more than 

 a hundred species, of which only about tifteen do not belong to the 

 genus Bvfo. The distribution of the family is well-nigh cosmo- 

 politan, with the remarkable exception of Madagascar, Papuasia, 

 and the small islands of the Pacific; Biifo has been wrongly said 

 to iidiabit the Sandwich Islands. The greatest nimiber of 

 species, chiefly Bvfo, occur in the Neotropical region, the greatest 

 number of genera in Central America, where Bnfo is rare, and in 

 Australia, where it is absent. 



A. Pupils contracted to a horizontal slit. Typically arciferoti.s. 



a. Anstralian. Tynipaiuuu invisil)le. Fingers and toes not dilated. 



1. Witli vomerine teelli. Both the onio- and nieta-.sternnni are 

 rudimentary. East Australia : . . Xotaden benndti. 



■2. Without vomei'ine teeth 

 car1iia''inou : . 



Omosternum ^il isent. Metasternum 

 . rs''>i(Jop}irii)ii', ]k\C)S. 



