( ^ ) 



others I'rum I'aiVi (coll. hftwre), iiml on tlic Inwcr parts also cousidcnilily jalcr, 

 more ocbveous-brown, less rusty. A specimen from Duaca (near Tocuyo iu 

 N.W. Veneznela) is similar. Two examples from the Orinoco (Maipnres, 

 Munduapo) are everywhere darker, but not so intensely coloured as those from 

 Brazil. Cf. my remarks in Jonrii. f. Ornith. 1902, pp. 65-(i. 



3. Turdus gymnophthalmus Cab. 



Tiiirlns ijt/iiiiii'/JdIialiiiiis Cabauis : in Schuniburgk, R'ji«e lir'it. Guuiim, iii. (1848) p. fiS.i (ex 



La Guaira, Caracas, and Cayenne). 

 T. iwdii/iiiis Lrataud, Ois. Triiiidml, p. 201. 



•,' <? ad,, 3 ? ?, from Caparo, March, Aiiril ; 1 cJ from 8eelet, April; 2 ? ? 

 from C'aroni, May. 



With a series of 'S'^ adult birds from Ciimana, Surinam, Britisii (Juiana, 

 Trinidad, Tobago, and tlie ( )rinoco region, I can see no difterence whatever Ijetween 

 the skins from the various localities. All, whether in fresh plumage or not, have 

 the base of the bill dark horn-colour or jilumbeous, the apical portion yellow 

 or greenish yellow. The naked space behind the eye is bright orange-yellow in 

 freshly killed specimens, but is also very well jaonouuced in old skins. 



The nearest ally of 7'. (ji/mmphthalmus is T. maculirostrin Berl. it Tacz., 

 of West Ecuador, as I have pointed out in Journ. f. Ornith. lOii'J, p. 53, where 

 also a short review of the allied forms is given. 



1 have since had an opportunity of inspecting the series of " T. maculirostrix" 

 of the " Monograph of the Turdidae " in the British Museum. 



As suggested in my former article, it is a mixtiim comiJOsitKin of three 

 different species. The following is the identification of the specimens listed by 

 Mr. U. B. Sharpe {I.e. i. p. 240) s.n. " T. niMulirostri.'s" :— 



(a) Turrl>(s maculirostris Berl. & Tacz. 



8pec. b, c. Balzar (lllingworth) ."i 



„ ,/, r/. Pallatanga (Fraser). . - All these places are in West Ecmdor. 

 „ /. Santa Rita (Villagomez) ..' 



The above specimens have the base of the bill dusky and the apical portion 

 yellow ; behind the eye there is a small naked spot. 



(J)) T/irc/ifs iqiiohlU.-s debilis Hellm. 



Spec. a. Rio Napo (Jameson) .\ 



,, (I, e. Sarayacu (Buckley) .j- East Ecuador. 



„ h. Zamora (Fraser) .1 



„ /■ — 0. from various localities in Peru. 



These nine si)ecimcns, as well as those collected by Messrs. (Joodfellow & 

 Hamilton at Archidona and on the Rio Napo, East Ecuador (Mus. Tring) have 

 the bill entirely black and no trace of the naked spot behind the eye. Most of 

 the above e.xamples have a pure white patch on the fore-neck below the strijied 

 throat, but sometimes this character is obsolete. T. i debilis can, however, always 

 easily be distinguished from the typical form by its much shorter and weaker bill, 

 and the pure white throat with the dusky stripes much more distinct. 



I have e.xamined three Bogota skins which, undoubtedly, belong to T. i. debilis. 

 They probably came from the eastern slopes of the Andes, while typical T. ////inbU's 

 seems to be confined to the mountains north of Bogota, and evidently m-curs only 

 on hi"h elevations. 



