( 15 ) 



and from the npiier Orinoco (Altagrania, Maipures, etc.) form the transition between 

 sclateri and canu. Some skins from Cnmanu, however, are scarcely different from 

 the Trinidad series. 



7". e. berlfpsrlii Dalmas,* from Tobago, agrees with T. e. cana in the bright 

 bbie colonr of the shoulder ])atcli, but differs in the more bluish, less greenish, 

 median and greater upper wiug-coverts, and iu having a decided violet or bluisli 

 wash on the under parts. 



30. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera Scl. 



[Taiiaf/m iialmariiiH Wied, Heise Brusil. ii. (1821) p. 76 (Canavieras, Bahia).] 



Tanagra melaiinptera Sclater (ex Hartlaub MS.), P. Z. S. 1856. p. 235 (East Peru, etc.). 



A large series from Caparo, March and April ; 1 S ad. from Ijaventille, 

 December; 2 i S , Chagnararaas, Januar}- ; 2 ??, Poiute Gourde, January; 

 3 ? , Valencia, March \ \ S , Seelct, April. 



None of these specimens have any trace of olive edgings to the wing- and fiiil- 

 feathers, thus agreeing with topotypical melanoptera from East Peru. The latter, 

 however, show a decided violet suffusion ou the back and breast, almost or altogether 

 wanting in the Trinidad birds. 



31. Tanagra cyanocephala subcinerea Scl. 



\_Aglaia ciitinocephda Ijafresuaye & D'Orbigny, Siju. Ai\ i. in Maq. Znol. 18.37. cl. ii, p. 32 (Yiingas, 



Bolivia).] 

 Tanagra subcinerea Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861. p. 129 (Venezuela). 



One S ad. from Aripo, 2000 ft.. May 13, 1903. It agrees with a good series 

 from Cumana except in having the under parts a shade darker grey. 



T. c. subcinerea is a strongly marked subspecies and easily recognisable by 

 its pale dingy grey under-surface, passing into dull whitish grey on the middle 

 of the abdomen. Throat and foreneck are slightly speckled with paler greyish. 

 This form is strictly confined to Trinidad and the mountains near Cumana, N.E. 

 Venezuela. 



T. c. auricrissa Scl. has the under parts much darker : schistaceons with a 

 faint bluish tinge ; throat and foreneck are uniform dark schistaceons, crissnm and 

 thighs much brighter yellow. It occurs in Colombia (Antioquia and Bogota-coll.) 

 and in the Andes of Venezuela near Merida. 



T. c. cijanocepliala (Lafr. & D'Orb.) differs from the foregoing form in its 

 paler grey under-surface (but not nearly as pale as in T. c. suda/ierea), much 

 lighter, lemon-yellow crissnm and thighs, as well as by its much more gieenish 

 back. It is found in Northern Bolivia, Pern, and West Ecuador. 



32. Ramphocelus jacapa magnirostris Lafr. 



[TatMgr/i jacapa Linnaeus, .S'l/s/ Nut. xii, i. 1766) p. 313 (Surinam— ex Edwards ; et Cayenne— ex 



Brisson).] 

 liampliiicchis magnirostris Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. 1853. p. 243 (Trinidad). 

 RanqihiiceJus alroserireus capifalis Allen, Bull. Aiucr. Mas. iv. (1892) p. 51 (El Pilar, near Cumana), 



More than sixty specimens, adults and young, from Caparo, Valencia, 

 Chagnaramas, Seelet, and Laveutille. Examples from Cumana and from Gnanoco 

 in the Orinoco-delta are practically identical with those from Trinidad ; hence 



B. a. ciijjitdlis becomes a synonym of nun/nirostris. 



§ 



* Mini. Sue. Xoiil. Fruiicf xiii, (1900), p. l.ii;. 



