( 167 ) 



" The moths emerged from thirteen to eighteen daj's from the time they 

 commenced to spin, appearing abont midda}'. They expand from 5 mm. in c? c? np 

 to 14 mm. in the hirger ? ? . Those from tlie white Fnlgorid are smaller than 

 exam])les from the others. 



" It is most difficnlt to canse the larvae, or the little white waxy Falqoridao, to 

 adhere to eard, but by rubbing the thin deposit from the latter they can be fastened 

 down on their backs, with wings spread to show the attached larvae. The larvae with 

 their hosts will not sink in formalin solution ; owing to the lightness of the " wax," 

 and to its being imjiervions to moisture, they float like corks, so can only be thrust 

 under and held there : a piece of wadding pushed down upon them in the tubes 

 keeps them immersed." 



" The caterpillars do not appear to cause the death of their hosts (or, if so, 

 not for some weeks), which, when free from them, become as lively and healthy- 

 looking as ever ; then does not the presence of the second caterpillars on some 

 specimens help to bear this out ? Many times, when a matured larva has departed 

 to spin, I have found a much smaller one, of whose presence I had not been aware ; 

 but there is another parasite, an external ichneumon, which exists upon the lilaek 

 Fulgorid and several larger species (there are usually three to five, each eni'losed 

 in a thin dark shell), and when they break through their shells and drop off the 

 host dies. I have actually had one of these parasites upon a Fulgorid carrying 

 a fair-sized moth larva, but mislaid it or inadvertently sent it away. {Note. — These 

 ichneumons remained in pupae about four months; one is now sent with other 

 specimens — July 1905.) 



" I have yet to learn where the eggs* of the moths are deposited. If adjacent 

 to spots where hoppers may then be, the newly hatched larvae would frequently 

 have to wander for some distance to find them, for they would scarcely remain 

 stationary for days ; besides, the larvae are too soft and sluggish to be fitted for 

 much wandering, so I believe that it will eventually be ascertained that the eggs arc 

 deposited, singly only, upon the hoppers ; however, the snouted and black species 

 average many more larvae in proiiortion to their numbers than the white, and abont 

 as many as the green, moreover they are not such stationary insects as the last 

 two. The white species is extremely common, the green and the black mach less 

 so, and the snouted one is comparatively quite rare. The last I meet with njion 

 two kinds of small trees only, seldom more than three or four upon a tree, and 

 usually far apart, yet it is the most productive species for caterpillars. Again, 

 there is a fifth Fulgorid, which is common, and often in company with the white and 

 green insects, yet I have never found a larva upon this one ; so, if the young things 

 have to search for their friends, it seems strange that this species shoulil escape, 

 lor it is rather a stationary one. Again, out of six snouted insects on one tree, 

 four were taken possession of by fine large caterpillars ; and another tree, whereon 

 were green hoppers, also furnished a number of large sj)ecimens, all of these two 

 lots being very even in size. If the eggs are deposited on leaves (ir twigs, of 

 course by various moths and at different periods, why is it that several larvae 

 of different sizes are not often met with on the same host? or how can the tiny 

 larvae distinguish between the suitable and unsuitable specimens of species of 

 Fidgovidac'i one never carrying larvae, and, of the four favoured species, only 



* Ihe egg is about twice as long as wide, ovate, being narrowest at the micropyle end, wiilest at 

 the opposite pnlc ; apart from the circular groove at tlie micropyle pole, the egg is smooth but not 

 polished. 



