( 433 ) 



The Papilios, inclusive of the so-called genns Troides (= Oinithoptera), {a,\l into 

 three natural groups, which arc sharply separateil in the larval, pnpal and imaginal 

 stages. This classification was given by Horsfiehl in 1857 for the Indo-Malayan 

 Papilios (in Horsf. & Bloore, Cat. Lep. Ins. Mas. E. I. Comp.), being based almost 

 exclusively on larval characters. Haase, in 1893, recognising the sonndness of 

 the classification, applied it to all Papilios, separating them correctly into the three 

 Horsfieldian groups. Investigation in the classification of the Papilios must start 

 from these primary divisions, as we have repeatedly insisted upon. The recent 

 attempts by Moore * and Kirby t to divide up the mass of Papilios into small genera 

 have proved to be more or less abortive, the three large natural sections not having 

 been recognised by these authors. We find consequently united in one genus models 

 and mimics which belong to different main groups, in Kirby's genus Itliobalus all 

 three main groups being represented.! 



A detailed description of these primary Sections will be given in our proposed 

 generic revision of the Papilioiiidae. The following short synopsis, we think, will 

 suffice for the present : 



I. A?v's/o/of7«'«-Swallowtails ; p. 435. The larvae feed on Ariatolochia, 



occasionally on allied plants. They are densely covered with minute hairs, which 

 give them a velvety appearance, the head, prothoracic plate and the thoracic legs 

 remaining glossy ; each segment bears a belt of tubercles, which vary in length 

 according to species, but are always fleshy, being covered with fine hairs like the 

 body, never with heavy spines, one of the tubercles standing beneath the stigma and 



another above the legs. The proximal abdominal segments of the pnpa are 



depressed dorsally, and, like the wing-cases, dilated laterally, the pnpa being much 

 more broadened in the centre than in the other two Sections of Papilio ; on each 

 side of the abdomen there is dorsally a row of ttibercles or flaps, sometimes forming 



a nearly continuous crest. The antennae of the imago is not scaled, and appears 



to the naked eye less distinctly segmented than in the other Sections of Pajtilio, on 

 account of the segments not being much compressed or constricted at the base ; 

 each segment bears a sensory groove ventrally at each side, the grooves being in 

 most species of this Section deep and ovate (reminding one of the Nymphalid 

 antennae) ; the sensory pores on the dorsal side of the segments are rather large. 

 The arrangement of the spines on the tarsi is also characteristic for this Section ; 

 the outer ventral row of spines (there are normally four ventral rows in Lepidoptera) 

 is not separated by a sharply defined, spineless, impressed space from the spines of 

 the dorsal surface, as is the case in the other two Sections. 



The American species are distinguished from the Old- World forms by the sinns 

 of the fifth tarsal segment in which the claws are inserted being much less extended. 

 This Section is not represented on the African Continent, only one species occurring 

 on Madagascar, while the species are numerous in the Oriental Region and in 

 America. 



II. Fluted Swallowtails ; p. 537. The larvae are without tubercles, or the 



tubercles are hard and bear spines (for instance, in the Oriental species aegeus, 

 anactus and ch/tia) ; the third thoracical segment is enlarged, the larva therefore 



• Lej>i(loj)trra Intlira v. (1901-3). 



t Hiibncr, Samvil. Exut. Schmitt. ed. ii. (1110 -; year;). 



J Ithohalus as conceived hy Hiibner in ISIX (I) contains only siwcics which are really closely allied 

 with one another. The exponents of Jlimicry will doubtless be glad to see that mimics have managed to 

 deceive such old hands at Lepidoptera as Kirby and Moore. 



