( 494 ) 



Lep. TiiK. brit. M,i>:. i. Ptip. p. G8. n. 278 (I80O) (Para) ; Butl., Trims. Eiit. Soc. Loml. p. 145. 



n. 224 (1877) (^, R. Tnpajos, March). 

 ? . Pajiilio sonoria var. a., Gray, Cot. Lfji. Ins. lirit. Mus. i. Puj). p. 57. sub n. 2ti:i (1852) (Pari). 

 ?. Pupilio aimxiiiiander Felder, Vcrli. Zool. B'll. Ges. Wien .\iv. p. 2;i5. n. 89 (ISO!) (h'ihi. nnd., 



hab. ?) ; id., Ri-isc Novara, Lep. p. 'M. n. 21. t. 18. fi^'. b (18l!5) (hab. V— Mus. Tring) ; Kirby, 



Cat. Diuni. Lep. p. 52il. n. 73 (1871). 

 (J. J'li/iilin jiliri/nichus Felder, V'oh. Ziml. Bui. Gen. Wim xiv. p. 295. n. 90 (1804) {iioni. mid. ; Nova 



Granada) ; id., Rcisc Xoram, Lep. p. 33. n. 22. t. 8. fig. e (1805) (Las Palmas, N. Granada ; — 



Mus. Vienna). 

 (J. Papilin bjnander var. hari Oberthiir, Et. d'Eiit. iv. p. 91. sub n. 285 (1880) (patch of bindwing 



orange). 

 Piipiliii uiichises y^T. parsodes, Moschler, Virh. Zool. Boi. Gtn. Wien xxxii. p. 304. (1883) (Surinam). 

 ? . Paridcs arbates, Kirby, in Hiibn., Saniiul. Ecut. Schmetl. ed. ii. p. 90. t. 12.1. fig. 3. 4 (190— ?). 

 cj ? . Parides brissonius, id., I.e. p. 90. t. 124. fig. 3. 4, t. 127. fig. 1. 2 (190— ?). 



The considerable series of specimens we have compared appears to prove that 

 the sjiecies is not split np into vf ell-defined geograjihical races, in spite of the large 

 area it occupies. The males at least do not show any reliable differences iu the 

 various districts. However, there is something geographical in the variability of 

 the other sex, in one j>lace the one female form being prevalent or occurring alone, 

 ■while in another district another form is more commonly met with. According 

 to the females the area inhabited by P. li/sander can be divided into three 

 districts : 



(a) Eastern jjortions of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and the Uiiper and Middle 

 Amazons. In this district the females have no white spots on the forewing or only 

 traces of them. 



{h) The Lower Amazons, south side of the river. Here the females have always 

 a large white patch consisting of several spots. 



(c) The Guianas (and ])robably the north side of the Lower Amazons). The 

 females agree either with (</) or with (/;), or are intermediate. In Surinam the 

 larger proportion of the females are without white patch or have only a round spot 

 M' — M-, while in British Gniana the majority of females have as large a white 

 patch as the Para specimens. 



Gray, I.e., and also Bates, I.e., said that the Para males have a larger green 

 band on the forewing than those from other i)lace8. This distinction does not 

 hold good. 



c? ? . Intermediate between P. echemoti and aylaope, the main differences being 

 stated under these species. Linn(5's Papilio anehises is quite a different insect. The 

 earlier writers treated all the males of the species of this group marked green and 

 red as being specifically the same. 



P. h/sander is the first name given to the present species. Gray correctly 

 assigned the name of hjsander to Guiana specimens of this insect. But Kirby 

 in his Catalogue enumerated the species again as anehise.i L. In a S m coll. 

 Oberthiir the patch of the hindwing is orange instead of red (ab. bari). 



In order to facilitate reference the females may be grouped in three individual 

 forms : 



a. H-L jmrsodes Gray, I.e. ; .\oiioria id., /.c— Forewing with large white jiatch 

 consisting of several spots ; besides a large spot M' — M" there being a spot Ii'' — 11', 

 another behind M-, and often a small spot in cell. 



b'. ?-f. arbates Stoll, I.e.; anaximenes Feld., I.e. — Forewing with a single, 

 more or less njunded, spot M' — M'-'. In type of anaximenes the red spots of the 

 hindwing are faded, except the upper two. 



