( 521 ) 



(1879) (larva, pupa ; Buenos Aires) ; Oberth., Et. d'Eiit. iv. p. 98. n. 303 (1880) (Mexico ; 

 Guyane ; Para); Godm. & Salv., Trans. Eiit. Soc. Load. p. I'M. n. 244 (1880) (Sta. Marta) ; 

 Gosse, Eiil'im, xiii. p. 193 (1880) (Assuncion, Dec. to Marcli, not uncommon) ; Guudl., Pajjilin i. 

 p. 11.3 (1881) (Cuba) ; id., Enl. Cuhuua p. 121 (18.S1) {pm-tjm ; Cuba, larva, pupa); Edw., 

 Pai>ilio ii. p. 122 (1882) (Florida) ; id., Gwml. Eiit. xiv. p. 120 (1882) (Florida) ; Walk., Eiit. 

 Mo. ilaij. xix. p. 2G (1882) (Panama, not r.are) ; Auriv., K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. xix. b. p. 16. 

 n. 11 (1882) (recensio critica) ; Miiller, Kosnios xii. p. 448 (1883) (metam. : pupa brown or 

 green, no intergradations) ; Meldola, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 23 (1883) (colour of pupae and 

 larvae); Jones, Proc. Lit. PhUox. Soc. Livcrp. p. 16. n. 77 (1883) (raetamorph.) ; Heczko, 

 Proc. Ent. Snc. Lond. p. 24 (1884) (drinking) ; Staud., E.rot. Tafif. i. p. 12. t. 8. ^ (1884) ; 

 Edw., Ball. U.S. Nat. Miis. xxxv. p. 13 (1880) (liter, of transf. ; partim) ; Godm. & Salv., 

 Biol. Centr. Amer., Ehop. ii. p. 200. n. 15. t. 65. fig. 14. genit. (1890) (Mexico to Panama ; 

 '' S. Domingo, Jamaica, St. Thomas " aliae subsp. ) ; Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 555. n. 1 

 (1890) (Prov. of Goyaz) ; Hahnel, Iris iii. p. 203 (1890) (Valera) ; Maass. & Weym., in Stiibel, 

 ReKen S. Amer., Lep. p. 11. n. 37 (1890) (Colombia) ; iid.. I.e. p. 34. n. 29 (1890) (Pitol, 

 Colombia) ; Seitz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Ii. p. 98 (1890) (Corcovado) ; Mayn., .1/on. iV. Amer. Bull. 

 p. 15. n. 22. fig. 9a (1891) (Cuba ; Mexico ; occasionally Florida) ; Haase, Unlersuch. iliniicry 

 p. 75 (1893) ; Michael, 7m vii. p. 214 (1894) (Sao Paulo de Oliven^a) ; Bonningh., Verh. Ver. 

 Nat. Unterli. Ilamhnrc] ix. p. 28 (1895) (Rio de Janeiro, very common) ; Weym., Slelt. Ent. 

 Zeit. Iv. p. 312. n. 1 (1895) (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Mabilde, (r'«;o pract. Borbolet. Rio Grande 

 do Sul p. 43. t. 1. fig. 2.\. n. c (1896) (larva, pupa, imago) ; Peters, llluslr. Zeitschr. Ent. ii. 

 p. 52 (1897) (Nova Friburgo, larva, pupa) ; Christ, .Uill. Schweis. Ent. Gen. ix. p. 273 (1897) 

 (Florida) ; Holland, Bull. Book p. 316. n. 21. t. 41. fig. 4 (1899) ; Denton, Moths Butt. U.S. 

 p. 355. fig. (1898-1900) ; Prinz. Therese, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. xxxv. p. 240. n. 1 (1901) (Palmer, 

 W. Ecuador, 100 m., Aug. 19 ; R. Negro, Juli) ; Kaye, Trans. Ent. ,'oc. Lond. p. 206. n. 193 

 (1904) (Trinidad) ; Weeks, Illu.itr. Diurn. Lep. p. 20 & 28 (1905) (Bolivia). 



c? ? . There is considerable individual variation in the size of the spots 

 cotniiosiug the band of the upperside of fore- and hiudwing. The range of this 

 subspecies is enormous ; in fact, P. pohjd. polydamo.s is the most widely distributed 

 American Papilio. The insect reminds one in this resjiect of the African P. 

 demodociis demodocus, which occnrs as such all over the African continent south 

 of the Sahara. Both species, which belong to widely different groups of Papilio, 

 have further in common that their distribution depends apparently to a great 

 extent on the ground being cleared of forest for cultivation, both species being 

 essentially inhabitants of open country. 



The only ajiproach to a division of this subspecies into two geographical races 

 which we can find is the frequent reduction of the red submarginal spots on the 

 underside of the hiudwing in Cuban specimens, these spots being jaartly shaded 

 over with black. 



Genitalia : Harpe bifurcate, the two processes of about the same size and 

 shape, pointed, curved, horn-shaped, the ventral one bearing usually some minute 

 teeth pro.ximally. 



Ilah. Cuba ; Georgia southward to Buenos Aires. 



In the Tring Museum several larvae and pupae, and 230 odd specimens from : 

 Cuba ; many places in Central and South America ; from East and West Mexico 

 southwards to Argentina. 



In a crippled female from Barbados in the British Museum the red submarginal 

 spots on the underside of the hiudwing are rather larger than they are in average 

 specimens of _/'. poli/d. poli/damas. There may be a si)ecial form on Barbados ; but 

 more and better sj)ecimens are required for comparison with P. pohjd. polydamas. 



(J. P. pohjdamas lucayus subs]), nov. 



(? ? . Band of uppcr.nide liroad. Underside of hiudwing paler than in 



P. pohjd. imhjdamas, yellowish white anal bar larger, usually extending forward 



