( 537 ) 



Scent-organ similar to that of P. lycidas, the scales being short and broad, 

 deuticnlate. 



Genitalia: S- Harpe small, short, triangular, rather broader than long, apex 

 rounded, ventral edge dilated into a flat triangular process as in P. hclus, laodamas, 

 etc., this process standing almost vertically on the plane of the harpe, leaning 

 dorsad, being curved basad, denticulate at distal edge, the dentition extending 



to apex of harpe. ?. The two hair}' flaps situated proximall}- in the vaginal 



cavity rounded, widely separated from each other. 



Early stages described by Lacordaire, I.e. (1833), and again shortly noticed by 

 Burmeister, Lc. (1879), and Peters, I.e. (1897). 



There are no geographical forms, but the male is dichromatic in the forewing, 

 only one form of the female being known. 



a'. cJ-f. crassus Cram., l.r. Forewing with yellowish creamy patches. 



b'. <S-{. lepidtis Feld., I.e. No creamy patch on npperside of forewing. 



This male form alone occurs in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica, the 

 females from these countries not being devoid of the patch. Males with hardly 

 any creamy scaling on the ujiperaide of the forewing occur also in other districts, 

 for instance Bolivia. 



Ilah. of P. erassus : from Costa Rica southwards to Rio de Janeiro. 



In the Tring Museum 60 cJc?, 10 ? ?, from: Carillo, Costa Rica, 300U ft., 

 October 1904 (A. Hall) ; Chiriqui ; Muzo, Colombia, December 1896 ; Pereira, 

 Popayan and Call, Canca ; Zamora, Ecuador (0. T. Baron) ; Loja ; Palcazu, Junin 

 (Hofl'manns) ; Chanchamayo ; Pozuzo ; R. Cachyaco, affluent of R. Huallaga 

 (Stnart) ; La Union, R. Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2n00 ft., November and December 

 1904, wet season (Ockenden) ; R. Sougo to R. Suapi, Bolivia, 1100 m., March- 

 April 1S96 (Garlepp) ; Mapiri, 1000 ft., September 1895 (Stnart) ; Villa Maria to 

 Diamantino, Matto Grosso, January 1897 (Andeer) ; Tijnca ; Petropolis ; Amazons : 

 Iquitos and Raituba ; Surinam ; British Guiana ; Caura R., Orinoco, May 19o0 

 (S. M. Klages) ; Valencia, Venezuela. 



SECTION II.— FLUTED SWALLOWTAILS. 



(For differential characters see p. 433.) 



This section contains the largest number of species. It is the most widely 

 distributed Section, occurring in all regions, except the Antarctic, going in one 

 species {P. machaoii) as far north as Alaska and Kamtchatka. The variety in 

 structure and pattern among the species is very great. Owing to the preservation 

 of many intermediate species, the division of this Section into minor groups is not 

 quite so well marked as in Sections I. and III. 



The American si)ecies fall into two Subsections, which, taken each as a whole, 

 are characterised, the one by the prevalence of yellow colour and the softness of the 

 costal edge of the forewing, the other by the prevalence of black on the body and 

 wings and the hardness of the costal margin of the forewing, the insects of this 

 second Subsection being more strong-winged than those of the first Subsection. 

 However, in the second Subsection there is a mimetic group of soft-winged species 

 {Zagreus Group).! which appears to have acquired secondarily the soft costal edge 

 and the great amount of yellow on the wings and body. This mimetic group 

 exhibits a most curious feature in the coloration of the head. While in all Papilios 



