( .351 ) 



tijdschr. Ent. iii. p. 84. n. 122 (1S60) (S. Fraacisco) ; Morris, Si/n.. Lep. N. Anier. p. 4. n. 5 (1882) 

 (California); Weidem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. ii. p. 148 (1863) (" Labrador" false ; U. States ; 

 hardly more than a variety of machaoii) ; Kirby, Cat. Dinrn. Lep. p. 5GG. n. 321a (1871) 

 (California) ; Couper, Ginad. Ent. vi. p. 34 (1874) ; Strecker, Lep. Rlmp. net. p. 4(3. t. C. 

 fig. 3. ? (1873) ; Edw., Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc. v. p. IGS (187.-5) (larva, pupa) ; Mead, in Wheeler, 

 Mept. Expl. Suit. v. Zo,,I. 8. p. 740 (1875) (Colorado ; S. Utah) ; Edw., Butt. N. Amei: ii. Paji. 

 t. 6. (J. ?. 1. p. (18751 (Vancouver's I. to Lower California ; Arizona ; Colorado ; Montana ; 

 Idaho) ; Kirby, /.'■. p. 812. n. 321a (1877) ; Edw., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 10. n. 7 (1877) 

 (Oregon to Arizona ; Montana ; Colorado) ; Gerh., ihxcro-Lep. N. Amer. p. 25. n. 44!) (1878); 

 Streclfer, Butt. Motlia N. Amer. p, 71. n. 14 (1878) ; Oberth., Et. d'Ent. \v. p. G8. n. 194 (1880) 

 (Calif. : Canada) ; Hagen, Psyche iii. p. 415 (1882) (Washington Terr., " var. of machaoii ") ; 

 ^dvi., Papilio iii. p. 48. t. 1. fig. 4. 5. ocellus (1883) (distinct from machuon, oreyonia, etc.); 

 Lyman, PapHio iii. p. 109 (1883) (var. 9 , Nevada) ; Butl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Loud. xvi. p. 472. n. 59 

 (1883) (Mendocino) ; Edw., PiqiiUo iv. p. 1G2 (1884) (early stages ; mostly one brood only) ; 

 Behr, Bull. Cal. Ac. Sc. i. p. G4 (1884) (Calif., common, 1. on Ocnanthi, Angelica, Carum); Edw., 

 Butt. N. Amer. ii. Stipjd. p. 1 (1884) (S. Bernardino; near asterias) ; id., Bull. U.S. Nut. 

 Mus. XXXV. p. 9 (1889) (liter, relating to metam.) ; id., Butt. N. Amer. iii. Pap. t. 3. fig. a-g 

 (1891) (transform.); Eiley, /hsctJ ij/c iii. p. 412 (1891) (parasite: Apnnteles); Mayn., J/«;/. 

 A". Amer. Butt. p. G. n. 5 (1891); Foster, Canad. Ent. xxiv. p. 192 (1892) (MarshaU Pass, Colorado, 

 10-13,000 ft.) ; Haase, Untersuch. Mimicry i. p. 92 (1893) ; Oslar, Ent. News iv. p. 22r, (189.3) 

 (Los Angeles, Febr.) ; Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 353. n. 647 (1893) (Rosita, 

 Colorado); Danby, Jo»ra. N. York Ent. Soc. ii. p. 33 (1894) (Vancouver I., scarce) ; Wiley, 

 Ent. News v. p. 38 (1894) (Miles City, Montana, rare) ; Snyder, ibid. v. p. 1G7 (1894) (Park 

 City, Utah) ; Jordan, Cannd. Ent. xxvi. p. 257 (1894) (Napa, Calif. ; metam.) ; Cunningh., 

 Ent. News vi. p. 251 (1895) (Ft. Klamath, Oregon) ; Eimer, Artb. Verwandtsch. Schmetl. ii. 

 p. 109. t. 6. fig. 5(1895) (California) ; Walk., Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 11 (1897) (Vancouver I., 

 larva and pupa not distinguishable from those of machaon); Twog., Ent. News viii. p. 31 (1897) 

 (Riverside, Calif., rare, late Febr. & March) ; Snyder, ibid. viii. p. 1G4 (1897) (Utah) ; Christ, 

 Mitl. Schwcin. Ent. Ges. ix. p. 270 (1897) ; Holland, Butt. Book p. 312. n. 10. t. 38. fig. 1. ^ 

 (1899) (Vancouver I. to Arizona and Colorado) ; Denton, Maths Butt. N. Amer. ii. p. 350. 

 fig. S (1898—1900); Dod, Cannd. Ent. .xx.xiii. p. 171. n. 79 (1901) (Alberta, June) ; Brown., 

 Ent. News xii. p. 301 (1901) (Salt Lake City, usually scarce, up to 9500 ft.) ; Dyar, Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Mtts. xxvii. p. 782 (1904) (Kootenai) ; Dennis, Repl. Ent. Soc. Ontario xxxiv. p. 90 (1904) 

 (Beulah, Manitoba) ; Wright, Butt. West Coast ed. ii. p. 8G. n. 24. t. 3. fig. 24 (1906) (as far north 

 as Wrangel, Alaska). 



Papllio machnnn, Men^trits, Enuni. Corp. Anim. Mus. Petrop., Lip. i. p. 4. n. 58 (1857) {parlim ; 

 California). 



Papilio machaoii var. californica, id.. I.e., Lep. iii. p. G9. n. 58 (18G3) (" = xelicaon Lucas"). 



Papitio dolicaon (!), Behr, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxvii. p. 21G (ISGG) (Calif.). 



Ainarijsxus zolicaon, Scudder, Proc. Boston N. H. Soc. xvii. p. 90. n. 19 (1874) (Yellowstone, July 18). 



Papilio zdicayn (!), Dyar, I.e. (1902) (sub syn.). 



Papilio coUro Wright, I.e. p. 86. n. 25. t. 3. fig. 25. $ (1906) (Colorado Desert, S.E. Calif.). 



Tliere may be a closer connection between the present insect and Papilio 

 nitra than we suspect. But until positive proof by breeding is forthcoming, 

 l\ zelicaon should be treated as a separate species. Lucas's name zelicaon has 

 priority over zolicaon of Boisdnval. 



The species is more constant than any of the allied forms. However, there 

 occur promiscuously in a series some inconspicuous but significant deviations from 

 the ordinary type. The pattern of the abdomen is by no means so constant as 

 Edwards, I.e. (1883), stated it to be. The broad black dorsal stripe bears 

 occasionally at its lateral edges on segments 4, 5 and a yellow dot partly 

 separated from the yellow side-stripe, these dots being homologous of the respective 

 dots found in both Papilio nitra and P. hairdi f. bairdi. The unilerside of the 

 abdomen is usually quite black, many individuals, however, bearing posteriorly 

 on eacli side a vestige of a yellow stripe. These stripes are sometimes quite 

 distinct, extending almost to the base of the abdomen in some females, there being 

 occasionally also a thin yellow mesial line ou the posterior segments. 



