( 629 ) 



(? ?. With the exception of Burineister, all <atithors have regarded this insect 

 as a near relative of P. americus and allies. However, it has nothing to do with 

 the Machaon Group, the resemblance to those insects being quite superficial. We 

 are astonished to find that the pattern of the upperside deceived even Haase, who 

 in many other cases has shown such a keen insight in the true relationship of man}- 

 species of Papilio over which other authors had blundered. F. hellanickus is in 

 structure practically identical with P. scamander, and the close agreement in pattern 

 will also become at once evident to every one who compares the underside of 

 P. Iiellanichus with that of P. scamander scama)tder. In fact, P. kellaiuelius is 

 nothing else but the most southern development of P. scamander ; the two insects 

 may be specifically distinct, as we believe they are, but are nevertheless very 

 closely related. The patch in the cell of both wings gives the species an 

 americiis-Wlie appearance ; but even these patches are nothing new in the species, 

 as the cell-spot of the forewing occurs on the underside in P. scamander, while the 

 hind wing of P. scamander often bears a small cell-spot on both sides. 



Early stages not known. 



ITab. Uruguay and the adjacent districts of Brazil and Argentina. 



In the Tring Museum 10 SS, 3 ? ?, from: S. Isidor, north of Buenos Aires 

 (Rnscheweyh) ; La Soledad, Entre Rios, border of Uruguay, October, December, 

 January (Chas. Britton) ; La Soledad, March and December (Miss E. A. Britton). 



In coll. Oberthiir from Zarate, January and February 1881 (Kinkelin), and 

 a ? labelled " Brdzil." 



109. Papilio scamander Boisd. (1836). 



Papilio scamander Boisduval, S^wc. G/n. Ltp. i. p. 363. n. 20G (1836) (Brazil). 



S ? . Upperside. — Forewing : costal edge practically non-serrate ; no spot in 

 cell ; a curved discal row of rounded spots from costal to hinder margin ; a 

 submarginal row of much smaller spots from costal margin, not reaching to hinder 



margin. Hindwing : a curved discal band of spots parallel to distal rnargin 



situated outside cell, often touching it, there being sometimes a small spot in cell, 

 cream-colour or buff-yellow like the bands of the forewing ; a row of sabmarginal 

 spots, red or pale orange-buflf, the first ones being sometimes cream-colour ; tail 

 thin, tooth M' 2)rodnced, sometimes also tooth M-. 



Underside of forewing similar to upper, the cell bearing sometimes a spot 



at apex, and the submarginal spots being enlarged in one of the sub.^pecies. 



Hindwing : ground-colour either brown-black, or yellowish buff, or intermediate, the 

 three subspecies being different in the colour and pattern of the wing. 



Neuration : D- of forewing half the length of D'^ or less ; SC- of hindwing 

 midway between base and R' or beyond middle. 



Genitalia: S. Tenth tergite long, spatulate, the tip being rounded; upper 

 edge of sternite strongly chitinised, smooth, bearing anally two processes, the 

 anterior one being conical, pointed and proximally hairy, the posterior one being 

 subcylindrical, feebly increasing in width apically. Harpe gradually widening 

 from base, somewhat twisted, suddenly narrowed at apical third of clasper from 

 the ventral side, ending in a slightly curved acnte process, the ventral edge bearing 



one or more small teeth proximally of the apical process. ? . In front of vaginal 



orifice a lanceolate, flat process, slightly irregular at the edges, carinate on the 

 anterior surface ; lateral edges of orifice feebly elevate, forming posteriorly together 



