( fi3l ) 



C, p. scamander scamamler Boisd. (1830) (PI. V. fig. 22). 



Papilio scamamler Boisduval, I.e. (Brazil) ; Doubl., Westw. & Hew., Geii. Diiirn. Lcp. i. p. 10. 

 n. UG (1846) ; Gray, Cat. Lcp. Lis. Brit. Mas. i. Pap. p. 35. n. 168 (185i!) ; Lucas, ia Chenu, 

 Enc. Hist. Nat. Pap. i. t. 16. fig. 1. ^ (18.51-3) ; Gray, List Lep. Lis. Jhil. .)liis. Pap. i. p. 47. 

 E. 176 (1856) : Lucas, in Casteln., Vay. Amir. Sud, EiU. p. 109. t. 1. fi;,'. 2. ^ (1S57) (Interior 

 of Brazil) ; Felder, Yrrh. Zn„l. But. Ges. Wien xiv. p. 313. n. 339 (1864) ; Kirby, Cat. Diurn. 

 Lep. p. 537. n. 129 (1871) ; Oberth., El. d'Ent. iv. p. 73. n. 222 (1880) (type). 



Papilio grayi var. scaimiiider, Mabilde, Gaia Pract. Borbol. Rio Grande do Sul p. 45 (1896). 



S ¥ . Discal band of uppersidc more yellow than in the other forms ; on 

 forewing wider in front than behind, spots SC'" — R- being the longest, the band 

 posteriorly more distal than in the other two subspecies ; submarginal row 



angulate. Hindwing : snbmarginal spots buff-yellow, the posterior ones often 



washed with red. 



Underside very different from that of tlie other forms. Forewing : anterior 



submarginal spots enlarged to large patches which extend close to margin. 



Hindwing : basal area the same creamy yellow colour as discal band, the veins 

 remaining black ; no red discal spots ; blue crescents conspicuous ; submarginal 

 spots varying from being mili^y white to being red. 



Hab. Eio Grande do Sul, some specimens agreeing closely with extreme 

 specimens of eurymander. 



In the Tring Museum 2 c? <^, 1 ? , from Rio Grande do Sul. 



110. Papilio birchalli Hew. (1803). 



Papilio birchalli Hewitson, Trans. Eiit. Soc. Lnnd. (3). i. p. 517 (1863) (Bogota). 



(?. Abdomen black, claspers more or less creamy at sides. Costal edge of 

 forewing practically non-serrate ; some indistinct or small spots around apex of 

 cell and a postdiscal and a submarginal row of spots creamy, the upper jiostdiscal 



spots more or less shadowy. Hindwing: a broad creamy discal band, slightly 



greenish as all the markings of the upperside, narrowing behind, entering cell, 

 the cell-spot varying in size, being sometimes very small ; a snbmarginal row of 

 olive-buff sjjots, between which and discal band there is occasionally another row 

 of small spots ; no tail, tooth R^ being very little longer than the other teeth. 



On underside of forewing a greenish creamy cell-patch, and from lower angle 

 of cell to hindmargin a row of greenish creamy patches ; four submarginal spots 



from R' })ackwards, sometimes a fifth vestigial. Discal band of hindwing 



consisting of a rather large costal creamy spot and a similar subanal spot con- 

 nected with one another by a row of minute red spots, some of which are often 

 vestigial, spot M' — M- being creamy ; submarginal spots red, halfmoon-shaped, 

 the first alone being usually straight, spot M'— BI- being the largest. 



? . Similar to male, but the markings of the upperside more bluish green and 

 the discal baud of the hindwing much wider. On the underside the costal spot 

 of the discal band of the hindwing is red and smaller than in male, while the small 

 intermediate spots are larger than in male. 



Neuration : SC- of hindwing at one-third (or a little beyond) from subbasal 

 cellule to R'. 



Genitalia: S. Tenth tergite long and broad, spatulate ; double process of 

 sternite not deeply divided, the two projections short, the anterior one slightly 

 more acuminate than the second ; harpe very long, tapering, acute, dorsally 

 augulate, and bearing between this angle and tlie apex many small teeth, the 



