( 656 ) 



Here come three gronps : 



a. Underside with red spots at base, either on both wings 



or only on hindwing Li/sit/ious Group. 



b. Underside of hindwing with red line parallel to 



abdominal margin, extending from costal edge 

 proximally of middle in the direction of the anal 

 angle, being bordered with black on both sides at 

 least at costal margin Marcellus Group. 



c. Bed line on underside of hindwing as before, but 



bordered with blade only on one side . . . Protesilaiis Group. 



Subsection F. 



Underside of hindwing with a red or tawny band on disc parallel (or nearly) 

 with distal margin, commencing beyond middle of costa, or no red or tawny band 

 or spots on nnderside. 



cl. Hindwing below with red or tawny line (or row of 

 spots) parallel with distal margin ; first subcostal 



of forewing free Thyastes Group. 



e. Hindwing lielow without red line ; SC^ of forewing 



anastomosed with C .... Dolicaon Group. 



XIII, Lysithous Group. 



With the exception of P. asiiis, which stands a little apart, the species of 

 the present group are all closely related with one another. They resemble in 

 pattern various members of the Aristolochia-Papilios, with which they have been 

 associated by nearly every author, Haase alone having recognised their close 

 relationship witii the Marci'llus Grouii. The red basal spots on the underside of 

 the wings are a distinguishing character peculiar to these mimics. The species 

 are modifications of an ancestral form which, in the shajje of the hindwing, the 

 number of red basal and subbasal spots on the same, and the development of the 

 scent-organ in the abdominal fold, resembled P. asius. This insect has preserved 

 the triangular shape of the hindwing jjeculiar to the Marcellus, ProtesHaus, and 

 Leucaspis Groups, while in most other species of the Mimetic Group the hindwing 

 has assumed a more or less rounded shape. Of the five red markings in the basal 

 area of the underside of the hindwing of P. asius the otlier mimics have preserved 

 only four, three or two, the sjwt between C and SO not being marked in any other 

 species. One should exj^ect this spot to be occasionally vestigial in the species 

 with four red sjiots {P. ilus, branclius, tlii/mbraeus, etc.), but we have not come 

 across a specimen in which such a spot is indicated. 



The scent-organ of P. asius is far less reduced than that of the other species. 

 With the exception of P. asius, the abdominal edge of the hindwing {S) is not 

 curved upwards, and the scent-scales are restricted to the basal third or half, forming 

 a narrow greyish stripe. In several species (P. protodamas, pausanias, and xt/nias) 

 the scent-organ is altogether lost, while in P. curi/leon it is lost only in the 

 subspecies from East Ecuador. The scent-scales of P. asius are similar to those 

 of P. agesilauSjhcmg sjiindle-shaped, with both poles produced into a threadlike 



