( 719 ) 



y. P. protesilaus nigricornis Stand. (1884). 



rapiUit protesilaiis, Godart, I.e. (1819) {partim ; Brazil) ; Boisd., I.e. (1836) (partim ; Brazil) ; 

 Doubl., List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. i. p. 9 (1845) (partim; Brazil); Gray, List Lep. Ins. Brit. 

 .Mus. 1. Pup. p. 45. n. 168 (1856) (partim ; Brazil, Rio de Jan.) ; Mt-nL'tr., £«»;»,. Cor/j. Anim. 

 J/hs. Primp., Lep. i. p. 3. n. 49 (IS.")?) (Brazil) ; Capronn., .lim. Soc. Enl. Brhj. xvii. p. 8. n 1 

 (1874) (Botafogo, Oct.) ; Weym., SlHt. Ent. Zeit. I7. p. 315. n. 15 (1895) (partim ?) ; Boiiningh., 

 Verh. Ver. Nat. Vntcrh. Ilamhurg ix. p. 27 (1895) (Rio, rare; Petropoli.s more common); 

 Peters, lUustr. Zeitschr. Ent. ii. p. 52 (1897) (Nova Frilurgu). 



Priilrsilnns leitiis Swainson, Zunl. Ilhistr. ii. t. 93 (1832) (fiij. .iiiper. ; new name for jinilrsilans L.). 



Papilio protesitaus var. nigricornis Staudinger, Exot. Tag/, i. p. 17 (18.H4) (S. Paulo Brazil). 



Papilin 2'rntesihms protesilaus, Eimer, .Irtb. Verwandtsrh. Hrhm. p. 104 (1889) (/«o7/«! ; Brazil). 



Swaiiisoii's fignro was taken, we think, from a Brazilian specimen, judging 

 from the cohinr of the antenna and frons. Hi.s name leilus, however, was proposed 

 to replace Linnd's name pi-otesilatts, this latter term being employed by Swainson for 

 what he called a subgenus. As leilus Swains, is, therefore, nothing more than another 

 term for jivotesilaus, it is a synonym pnre and simple of protesilaiis, and cannot be 

 accepted as a name for the particular Brazilian form which Swainson figured.* 



S ? . Antenna brownish black, seldom tawny. Frons brownish black, the 

 sides not being creamy white ; this character often met with also among P. prot. 

 protesilaus from the Andes. 



Genitalia : c?. Deflexed dorso-apical ridge of harpc dilated into a large 

 denticnlate tooth, which is much larger than in the other subspecies ; central 

 process sjiatnlate, denticnlate at apex ; ventral jirocess more or less denticulate. 



IJab. East Paraguay ; Brazil. 



In the Tring Museum 30 <?c?, 5 ? ?, from : Yhu, East Paraguay, December 

 1896 (Andeer) ; Minas Geraes, February 1901 (A. Kennedy) ; Tijuco ; Petropolis ; 

 Eio de Janeiro (E. May); Nova Friburgo; Leme, Sao Paulo; Parana; Leopoldina, 

 • S. Catharina ; Blnmenaii. 



Together with P. protesilaus 7iigricornis in the same districts and at the same 

 season there occur specimens which differ very remarkably in several jioints. 

 Two of these specimens from the Province of Parana agree with P. protesilaus 

 nigricornis, except in the hindwing being somewhat dift'ascd with j'ellow, the 

 admarginal and submarginal spots R- — M- being more or less distinctly yellow. 



In several other individuals from Parana the yellow diffusion is present in 

 both wings, being especially distinct on the underside of the hindwing, the forewing 

 is practically naked from M- forward, the postdiscal band of the hindwing is 

 broad, etc. 



We thought at first that these yellowish individuals were the product of 

 crossing between P. protesilaus nigricornis and /'. telesilaus or stenodes/nus. But 

 as they do not combine the characters of these species, standing for instance in 

 the broad, straight, black, postdiscal band of the hindwing quite outside the limits 

 of variation of these species, and as they differ also in the genitalia, we can but 

 treat them as belonging to a distinct species, described below. That there are 

 several closely allied species in Brazil occurring in the same district is nothing 

 unusual ; but the question of specific distinctness is in this case rendered very 

 difficult to decide from a small series of specimens, since there occur individuals 

 which stand just intermediate between P. jirotesilaus ni//ricornis and the new 

 species. These individuals have the forewing practically naked from M" forward, 

 have yellow ad- and submarginal spots on the hindwing, etc., as in the new 



* ,See p. 418. 



