80 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 



thought best to place the species at preseut under Ceralos- 

 tomella. 



II. WOOD-BLACKENING AND WOOD-BROWNING FUNGI. 



1. Graphium. 



Graphium has been associated with the decay of wood and 

 other organic matter ever since the original species were 

 named by Tode * and Corda,f and placed under Stilbum 

 by Corda. It has been found also to be associated with 

 the staining of lumber, especially of pine and gum boards. 

 It has been isolated from black or brown stained portions 

 of wood taken from JPiniis, Popuhis, Liriodendron, 

 Liquidambar , Quercus, Acer and Wistaria. Species of 

 this genus, like those of Ceratostomella, enter most kinds of 

 wood through the medullary rays, being usually confined 

 to the sapwood, with the exception that they may grow 

 upon decayed heartwood that other fungi have previously 

 attacked. In the study of a number of species of Graphium 

 not all species stained wood alike : some scarcely stained 

 the wood at all, others, like the one from Liquidambar, 

 are quite effective as wood stainers. 



The stain given by Graphium varies from a dirty gray 

 to a dark brown, or, rarely, a black color. 



The genus Graphium was first described by Corda. It 

 is described as follows, using a free translation : — " Stroma 

 cylindrical, clavate, or capitate, brownish, rather rigid, 

 the upper hyphae paler, lax, and bearing the conidia, 

 which are elliptical or oblong, hyaline, often involved in 

 mucus at first." No mention is made either by Saccardo,^ 

 or Engler and Prantl | of any conidial stage other than 

 that found on the stroma or head. 



* Tode. Fungi Meckl. 1 : 10. f Corda. Icon. Fung. 1 : 8. 



% Saccardo, P. A. Michelia. 2 :32; Syll. Funs;. 4: 5G4, 009. 



X Engler, A. and Prautl, K. Die Natiirlichen Pfiauzenfamilien. 1 • 493. 



