CHKOMOGENIC FUNGI WHICH DISCOLOR WOOD. 91 



forms of conidia are morphological equivalents. In most 

 of the species studied many gradations were found between 

 a head on a stalk of a single colored filament and heads on 

 stalks of two to many filaments. 



Graphium smaragdinum (A. & S.) Sacc. 



The wood of the red gum, Liquidambar Styraciflua L., 

 when freshly sawn and piled up, is very rapidly stained by 

 the combined effects of a number of fungi. The most im- 

 portant among these are Oeratostomella, Graphium, Hor- 

 modendron, and Dematium. On the surface, especially on 

 the sapwood, the fruits of Graphium appear more fre- 

 quently than those of the other fungi, especially when the 

 boards are placed in a moist chamber. Graphium was ob- 

 tained from gum boards taken from a number of localities, 

 and in most instances a species was found which re- 

 sembled Graphium rigidum but differed from it in a num- 

 ber of its cultural characters. From the following char- 

 acters, taken from both natural and artificial cultures, 

 it corresponds more nearly to Graphium smaragdinum 

 (A. & S.) Sacc, and it is assigned to this species. 



Mycelium. 



Primary and secondary conidia, sown in agar plate cul- 

 tures, germinate in a few hours, and small, white colonies 

 are visible in a day. The mycelium is abundant, floccose; 

 the filaments are septate, hyaline at first, later changing 

 to dark green, measuring from 2/x to 4/a in diameter. In 

 two days secondary conidia appear, borne terminally on 

 simple hyphae, (pi. 9, f. 9). In less than a week, on dark 

 colored portions of the mycelium, the stalks and heads or 

 stromataof the Graphium stage appear (pi. 9, f. 8). These 

 are hyaline at first, changing as they age to dark green, 

 then to black at the base, shading off to a light gray-green 



