152 STUDIES OF AMERICAN FUNGI. 



17 cm. broad. Specimens collected at Ithaca during October, 1899, 

 were 8-10 cm. high, the pileus 4-8 cm. broad, and the stem 5-9 mm. 

 in thickness. The plants grow eight to ten in a cluster and the bases 

 of the stems were closely crowded and loosely joined. 



The pileus is convex, than expanded, the margin more or less in- 

 rolled, then incurved, prominently umbonate, very viscid when moist, 

 the ground color a saffron yellow or in the center burnt umber to wood 

 brown. The cuticle of the pileus is plain or torn into scales which 

 are wood brown, or when close together they are often darker, some- 

 times nearly black. The flesh is saffron yellow, thick at the center 

 of the cap, thinning out toward the margin, spongy and almost taste- 

 less. The gills are adnate, and sometimes a little notched, brown 

 (mars brown), and the edge yellow, 6-7 mm. broad. The spores are 

 8 X 5//. The stem tapers downward, is compact, whitish then yellow, 

 saffron yellow, flesh, vinaceous, viscid, and clothed more or less with 

 retlexed (pointing downward) scales. The stem is somewhat carti- 

 laginous, tough, but snapping off in places. The veil is thin tloccose 

 and sometimes with coarse scales, soon disappearing. 



Figure 144 is from plants (No. 3295, C. U. herbarium) col- 

 lected on the Ithaca flats from a willow trunk, Oct. 10, 1899. 



Pholiola aurivella Batsch, which has been found in the United 

 States, is closely related to P. adiposa. 



Pholiota squarrosa Miill., widely distributed and common in the 

 autumn, both in Europe and America, on stumps and trunks, is a 

 large, clustered, scaly plant, the scales "squarrose", and abundant 

 over the pileus and on the stem below the annulus. It is brownish 

 or ferruginous in color. 



Pholiota squarrosoides Pk., as its name indicates, is closely related 

 to P. squarrosa. It has erect, pointed, persistent scales, especially 

 when young, and has a similar habit to squarrosa, but differs chiefly 

 in the pileus being viscid, while that of P. squarrosa is dry. P. 

 siibsqiiarrosa Fr., occurring in Europe, and also closely related to P. 

 squarrosa, is viscid, the scales are closely appressed to the surface of 

 the cap, while in squarrosa they are prominent and revolute. 



Pholiota cerasina Pk., occurs on decaying trunks of trees during 

 late summer. The plants grow in tufts. They are 5-12 cm. high, 

 the caps 5-10 cm. in diameter, and the stems 4-8 mm. in thickness. 

 The pileus is smooth, watery when damp, cinnamon in color when 

 fresh, becoming yellowish in drying, and the flesh is yellowish. 

 The stem is solid, and equal, the apex mealy. The annulus is not 

 persistent, and the gills are crowded and notched. The spores are 

 elliptical, and rugose, 5 x 8 //. 



