( -16 ) 



tinged with yellowish. (2) E. taczanoicsldi, with the back cinereous, the crown 

 patch, markings on the wings, and the lower parts white. 



A series of nine specimens from Sapiicay, Paraguay (Foster coll. — Brit. Mus.), 

 however, clearly shows that these two supposed species are merely phases of one 

 form, E. caniceps representing the immature dress ; E. taczanowskii the plumage 

 of the fully adult male. 



One of the skins in Mr. Foster's series (•'<? ") is practically identical with the 

 type of E. taczanowskii and the three examples from Goyaz and Mattogrosso. 

 Crown patch, ajjical spots to the upper wing-coverts, and edges to the remiges 

 pure white, hack jnire olive-grey (without any green), axillaries and under wing- 

 coverts white with a hardly perceptible yellowish tinge. Then follows another 

 "(J " in which some of the wing-markings as well as several feathers of the white 

 crown-patch are slightly tinged with pale yellow, while the grey back shows 

 here and there some olive-green feathers. Next come two "S S " with the crown- 

 patch slightly more yellowish, thongh the white still predominates. Another "cJ " 

 has the vertical patch uniform pale yellowish, the back mainly olive-green with 

 very little cinereous, and the axillaries as well .as the under wing-coverts pale 

 yellow. Tlie flanks and crissum, too, are washed with yellowish. Two "(?c? " 

 and two "??" have the back uniform olive-green, and the crown-patch, wing- 

 markings, axillaries, and flanks even more decidedly sulijhur-yellow. These 

 specimens correspond to what we used to call E. caniceps. 



E. cinerca Pelz. is the northern representative of E. caniceps. The adult male 

 differs from the corresjwuding stage (= E. taczanoicskii) by its longer, broader bill, 

 much wider white markings to the uj)per wing-coverts, and clear cinereous (not 

 olive-grey) back. The crown-patch and under-parts (including axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts) are pure white, the chest slightly shaded with pale cinereous. The 

 female (and probably also the young male) has the upper surface clear olive-green, 

 the vertical patch and markings on the wing pale yellow, and the lower parts 

 bright suljihur-yellow, washed with dull greenish on the sides of the chest. This 

 is the bird identified as E. macilcaini by Berlepsch and Hartert.* A Bogota skin 

 in Count Berlepsch's collection, a bird in change of plumage, has the crown clear 

 cinereous with a white vertical spot (just like the type of E. cinerea), but the 

 back is olive-green, and the e^lges to the upper wing-coverts are pale yellow, as 

 in the female from the Caura River {E. macilvaini Berl. & Hart., uec Lawr.) ; the 

 throat and foreneck are greyish white, as in E. cinerca, the rest of the under- 

 surface pale yellow, whitish in the middle. 



The true E. macilvaini Lawr., however, is quite a different species, being a 

 northern race of E. gaimardii (D'Orb.) with a canary- yellow crown patch, as 

 correctly pointed out by Mr. Ridgway.t There are three specimens from Panama 

 (MacLeannan) in the British Museum which concord well with Ridgway's description 

 of the type (said to be from Venezuela). 



The range of E. caniceps and E. cinerca is as follows : 



{a) E. caniceps (Sws.). 



Brazil. S. Paulo : Ypanema, Porto do Rio Paraud (Natterer), Victoria 

 (Hempel — Mus. Tring), Ubatuba (Garbe — Tring): Rio de Janeiro: Cantagallo 



* -Vttt'. Zoiil. i.t. iyu2. p. U (Sjuapui'e, Venuzuula). 



t Birds Ntrrth and Middle America vol. iv. l'J07. p. SOU. 



