NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXI. 1914. 31 



consisting of two large houses, inneh the best we had yet seen. Leaving early, 

 we soon found the road led upward on to high ridges — it was nearly 3800 feet — 

 when there was a level resting-place right below the lower cliff of Kakopi. 



" Here we could see the Ombi Islands to the north and P. Misol to the north- 

 east, and the level of Ceram below. Now Mansela village had been visited once 

 from the south, and the maj) placed the village on the west side of the mountain ; 

 therefore we thought we had still a higher ridge to climb. Having this in view, 

 we did not make any attempt to reach the top of Kakopi. For over a mile the 

 road was fairly level. On these table-lands the Dammar trees chiefly grow. One 

 tree we passed showed the bad method of tajjijing used by the natives : two or 

 three great pieces of bark eighteen inches to two feet wide and about a foot 

 high are stripped off and the tree allowed to bleed. Some time later — a month 

 or so- — the exuded gum is chopped off and placed in baskets. The chopping 

 enlarges the wound, until in many cases the tree is ringed and dies. From their 

 great size they probably take a considerable tim& to reach maturity, and no 

 attempt is made to clear aronnd young trees. ( "onset] uently the supply will 

 probably decrease, and the present trees will be bled more frequently, with the 

 inevitable result. In West Ceram I am told that smaller cuts are made, and 

 bamboos placed to catch the gum. 



■''After the Dammar, the road went down, down, down, till our liearts sank at 

 the climb ahead. Then, after following a stream for several kilometres, we were 

 on a plain with the most awful, sticky mud for a road I ever met. I was on 

 ahead with the camera, and was considerably surprised when about 1 o'clock 

 we came to houses and heard that the main village was near at baud. I was 

 exceedingly hungry, and at last procured some ripe bananas ; with two papaya I 

 made a kind of meal. Then I bethought me of moautains, and sallied out to look. 

 Yes, there it was, not to be mistaken ; and I had to take out the compass to adjust 

 my bearings, because we were on the east of the mountain. The houses here were 

 rather smaller, even the largest, than those at Kabauhari, but the village formed 

 two streets. These had been recently fenced. The news of our reaching Maneo had 

 evidently arrived. It was very amusing to see the great hurry and bustle going 

 on. We had not been expected until next day, and women were cutting the grass 

 round the houses, whilst all the children, even the smallest toddlers, were carrying 

 the refuse to heaps or throwing it into the river. Mr. Vermeer has now a great 

 name for requiring a clean village on the coast, and his reputation had evidently 

 gone before. 



"The view of the mountains in the early morning, before the mist settled 

 down for the day, with the brown thatched houses below, was rather fine — better for 

 the eye than the camera. Here we stayed four days — four fine days with little 

 rain. We were the more annoyed when on the last night it rained in torrents, 

 and was still damp and misty when we left. The plain of Mansela has an altitude 

 of about 2,500 feet, and the descent to Makwalainan was gradual. The road is 

 apparently used frequently, as it has developed into a narrow trough in the clay. 

 In conse(|uence of tlie rain this was sticky mud, and the road from Mansela will 

 long live in my memory. Makwalainan consisted only of two bouses, one just 

 bnilt, which we used as a rest. 



" It was about 1 when Mr. Vermeer arrived, and we inquired about Kaloa, 

 where we intended to caraji. We were now half-way, they said, and if this was 

 true we could not go on. The Surveyor had not yet come up, so we could get 



